The preliminary effect of a parenting program for Korean American mothers: A randomized controlled experimental study
Section snippets
What is already known about the topic?
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Traditional Korean American discipline is characterized by a lack of expression of affection and use of harsh discipline.
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For American families, the Incredible Years Parenting Program was proven to increase parental positive discipline, self-efficacy, competency, and consistency as well as decrease parental criticism. The program decreased behavioral problems and increased social competence in American children.
What this paper adds
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Providing a parenting program is a useful intervention for Korean American mothers in promoting positive discipline.
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The effect of program may differ based on mothers’ levels of acculturation.
Subjects
Twenty-nine first generation Korean American mothers participated in the study. Criteria for inclusion were that (1) the child was between 3 and 8 years of age; (2) the child lived with two parents; (3) the mother was a first generation Korean American who was born in Korea; (4) the mother was willing to complete pre-, post-, and 1-year follow-up assessments and participate in a 12-week intervention or control group as randomly assigned. Mothers of children 8 years of age and under were chosen
Pre-intervention group equivalence and descriptive data
Descriptive statistics for all study variables by group and pre-, post-, and 1-year follow-up time points are reported in Table 2. Of particular importance to the research methodology was the confirmation of randomization. Oneway ANOVA indicated no significant differences on any of the study variables between intervention and control groups at baseline.
Pre- and post- between-group hypotheses testing using ANCOVA
As shown in Table 2, intervention group mothers increased positive discipline as compared with control group mothers (hypothesis 1). The
Discussion
The major finding of this pilot study was that the Incredible Years Parenting Program was effective in expanding Korean American mothers’ scope of discipline strategies in this study sample. Compared to the control group mothers, intervention group mothers used significantly more positive discipline both immediately after completing the program and 1 year after intervention. These results of both immediate and long term effects are consistent with previous research where this intervention was
Conclusion
The results are preliminary based on a small sample size and should not be considered as a final statement about the effectiveness of the Incredible Years Parenting Program on Korean American mothers. Future research should be conducted with a larger sample size, assessment of both mothers and fathers, a 1:1 randomization allocation, a waiting control group, and observational data. Furthermore, showing videotapes in Korean language would facilitate understanding of the content. Evaluating
Acknowledgment
This paper was supported by career development award NINR #K01 NR08333 given to the first author.
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