Elsevier

General Hospital Psychiatry

Volume 31, Issue 4, July–August 2009, Pages 303-305
General Hospital Psychiatry

Editorial
The “inactivity trap”

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2009.05.001Get rights and content

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      BA is based on behavior modification and reinforcement theory (e.g. (Lewinsohn & Shaffer, 1971), which posits that depression develops when people have reduced access to contingent reward from their environment for non-depressive and functional behaviors. The typical depressive behavioral responses (e.g., avoidance and inactivity) then contribute to the maintenance of low mood, leading to what has been termed the “inactivity trap” (Elfrey & Ziegelstein, 2009). SUDs and depression are therefore maintained through the interaction of both positive (i.e., the positive feeling created by the substance) and negative (i.e., escaping or avoiding negative feelings, experiences or thoughts) reinforcement schedules.

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      Patients report pain, malodour and exudate, social isolation, reduced independence and reduced mobility (Fox, 2002; Langemo, Melland, Hanson, Olson, & Hunter, 2000) all of which delay rehabilitation and impact both on patients and their families (Hopkins, Dealey, Bale, Defloor, & Worboys, 2006). Reduced physical activity and depression stemming from PI are inextricably linked and have been referred to as the ‘inactivity trap’ (Elfrey & Ziegelstein, 2009). Combined with advanced age, malnourishment and co-morbidities, PIs can make it difficult for people to partake in their usual activities, both within and outside their homes (Gallagher et al., 2008).

    • A longitudinal community study of major depression and physical activity

      2009, General Hospital Psychiatry
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      The association between depression and physical inactivity is potentially bidirectional with physical inactivity leading to depression and depression leading to physical inactivity. Elfrey and Ziegelstein [1] have used the phrase “inactivity trap” to describe this dynamic. The possibility that physical activity may prevent depression or reduce levels of depressive symptoms has been the focus of many recent studies.

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    Dr. Ziegelstein is supported by grant number R24AT004641 from the National Center for Complementary & Alternative Medicine and by the Miller Family Scholar Program of the Johns Hopkins Center for Innovative Medicine.

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