Original articleCross-cultural validity of the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire: Adaptation and validation in a French-speaking sampleValidité transculturelle du Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire : adaptation et validation auprès d’un échantillon francophone
Section snippets
Overview
The scale was first translated into French. Next, the structural validity of the French version of the FFMQ was tested with confirmatory factor analyses. Subsequently, we assessed its incremental validity examining its relation with depression and anxiety. Finally, we examined the test-retest reliability of the French FFMQ.
French adaptation of the scale
We followed the steps for the transcultural validation of psychometric instruments detailed by Hambleton et al. (2004) for test adaptation. Items were first translated into French and then back-translated into English. Three fully bilingual experts translated the original English scale into French using a committee approach. The French version was then translated back into English and re-evaluated by two other bilingual experts. The first author supervised the whole translation/back-translation
Participants
Two hundred and fourteen French speaking volunteers (131 women), who had never practiced mindfulness or meditation training, were administered the French version of the FFMQ. They were recruited among the Université catholique de Louvain community (Belgium), the Université Lille Nord de France community (France), and the acquaintance of the authors. All participants had at least a secondary school degree and were predominantly university graduates. Their ages ranged from 18 to 81 years old (M =
Structural validity
The five models investigated by Baer et al., 2006, Baer et al., 2008 were tested in a confirmatory factor analysis: (a) a hierarchical model with the five facets as latent variables and mindfulness as a second-order factor (Model A), (b) a model only including the five facets as latent variables (Model B), (c) a model with one sole principal factor (Model C), (d) a hierarchical model with four facets (all without the observation facet) as latent variables and mindfulness as a second-order
Discussion
The aim of the present study was to translate and validate the FFMQ into French. Of particular interest was the question of whether the five-factor structure found by Baer et al. (2006) could be replicated in a nonmeditating French-speaking sample. Furthermore, we hypothesized that, as observed by Baer et al. (2006), a hierarchical confirmatory factor analysis should support that four of the factors would be found to be clear indicators of an overarching mindfulness construct, while the
Disclosure of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest concerning this article.
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