Epidemiology of prenatal smoking and perinatal outcomes
Section snippets
Epidemiology
It is well established that maternal smoking frequently results in poor birth and reproductive outcomes including but not limited to preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction and various placental conditions [1], [2]. Despite the known risks, women throughout the world continue to smoke during pregnancy. In fact, most smokers do not quit when they become pregnant. A Canadian study reported 33% of women smoked before pregnancy and nearly 70% of these women were still smokers at the time of
Conclusion and future directions
Active smoking during pregnancy impairs normal fetal growth and development leading to adverse perinatal outcomes. However, epidemiological evidence for the effects of passive smoking on the feto-placental unit remains indecisive, and further refined studies are needed in this domain. While the literature provides ample information on the impact of prenatal smoking on singleton pregnancies, very little has been reported on multiples. It will also be of interest to compare the toxic effects of
Acknowledgements
This work was supported through a Young Clinical Scientist Award to Dr. Hamisu Salihu by the Flight Attendant Medical Research Institute (FAMRI). The funding agency did not play any role in any aspect of the study.
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