Differential caloric intake in overweight females with and without binge eating: Effects of a laboratory-based emotion-regulation training
Section snippets
Participants
Participants were recruited by advertisements in local newspapers and via Internet websites. Our clinical group consisted of 39 women meeting DSM-IV-TR criteria (APA, 2000) for BED. Inclusion criteria for the overweight control group (CG; n = 42) were a Body Mass Index (BMI = weight/height2) ≥27. Exclusion criteria were the presence of substance abuse or addiction, bipolar disorder, current or past psychosis, schizophrenia, current suicidal ideation, pregnancy or lactation. Diagnoses for eating
Randomization
Within the groups (BED vs. CG) participants were randomly assigned to either the suppression or the reappraisal condition after the diagnostic session. No other experiments were conducted on the day of the present experiment. The sample consisted of 19 BED participants in the suppression, and 20 BED participants in the reappraisal condition. In the CG, there were 21 participants in each condition.
Training
The training was administered in a standardized manner over the computer. However, to ensure
Sadness induction
Participants watched a 3 min segment of the movie The Champ. This clip was shown to effectively induce sadness in control participants (Rottenberg, Ray, & Gross, 2007) and overweight and obese participants with and without BED (Svaldi et al., 2010). The clip involves the theme of loss of a beloved. It was presented on a 17 inch monitor. Participants had the instruction to adopt the previously trained strategy while watching the film clip. They were informed that the aim of the experiment was to
Procedure
Following the diagnostic session, participants were scheduled for the experimental appointment within one week. All sessions either started at 10am or at 2pm (an equal distribution across group and strategy membership was ensured) and participants were instructed to have a regular meal 2 h prior to testing.1 Both the
Statistics
Manipulation checks and hypotheses were tested by means of univariate and repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs). If assumption of sphericity was not met (Mauchlys Sphericity Test: p < 0.05), degrees of freedom for dependent variables were corrected conservatively by Greenhouse-Geisser. Being exceedingly robust against violation of normality (Tabachnick & Fidell, 2007), ANOVAs were also adopted for variables not normal in distribution. Effect sizes of the group differences and
Sample characteristics depending on strategy
BED participants in the suppression condition did not significantly differ from BED participants in the reappraisal condition with regard to comorbidities, eating pathology, severity of depression, and sociodemographic variables; likewise, scores on these variables were comparable in CG participants in the suppression condition and CG participants in the reappraisal condition (all Fs ≤ 1.748, all ps ≥ 0.194, and all ps > 0.215 for variables assessed by frequencies).
Number of cycles of the laboratory-based ER training
A 2 (Group: BED, CG) × 2
Discussion
The major aim of our study was to test the differential impact of ER strategies on caloric intake in women with BED. For this purpose a group of women with BED and a weight-matched CG were trained in either expressive suppression or cognitive reappraisal by means of a laboratory-based ER training. Subsequently, they received a negative mood induction, which was followed by a bogus taste-test. We hypothesized that in women with BED compared to the CG caloric intake would be significantly greater
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by the Ministry of Science and Art of Baden Württemberg and the Research Innovation Fund of the Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg accorded Jennifer Svaldi.
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