Archival ReportFrontal Lobe γ-Aminobutyric Acid Levels During Adolescence: Associations with Impulsivity and Response Inhibition
Section snippets
Participants
Participants included 30 healthy ADO (12–14 years, 15 females) and 20 healthy EA (18–24 years, 10 females), with middle-upper class socioeconomic status (53) (Table 1). The clinical research protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of McLean Hospital. After complete study description, all subjects and ADO parent(s)/guardian(s) provided written informed assent/consent. Participants completed urine screening before scanning to rule out current psychoactive substance use and
Impulsivity
Significantly higher BIS impulsivity scores (Table 1) were observed for ADO versus EA on Motor [F1,48=26.97, p=.0001, ES=.77] and Non-Planning [F1,48=13.16, p=.001; ES=.51] subscales and total BIS [F1,48=15.70, p=.0001; ES = .57].
Response Inhibition
EA took significantly less time than ADO to complete each Stroop subtest: CN [F1,48=11.80, p=.001; ES=.49], WR [F1,48=8.66, p=.005; ES=.42], and INTF [F1,48=4.17, p=.047; ES=.29], although group differences for derived INTF were not significant (Table 2). Significantly
Discussion
This study provides the first in vivo human evidence of lower GABA in ADO relative to EA, which extends previous developmental findings 17, 18. Lower adolescent GABA/Cr was observed in ACC but not POC and was evident in the absence of tissue contribution differences. There were significant differences in POC tissue contributions but not tissue percentage, the relevance of which is unclear with regard to the use of the POC as a comparison region. Consistent with the a priori study hypotheses,
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