Archival ReportFunctional Brain Correlates of Social and Nonsocial Processes in Autism Spectrum Disorders: An Activation Likelihood Estimation Meta-Analysis
Section snippets
Article Selection
Using PubMed (http://www.pubmed.org), we searched for English-language, task-based, functional neuroimaging studies of ASD published between 1990 and January 2008 with the Keywords “autism;” “fMRI;” “PET;” “neuroimaging;” “PDD-NOS;” and “Asperger.” Abstracts of initially identified articles were first reviewed as the basis for selecting papers for full-text review. References cited in the selected articles were also reviewed. We included studies where both ASD and neurotypical control (NC)
Social Versus Nonsocial Studies: Both Groups Combined
As shown in Supplement 1, direct comparisons between social and nonsocial studies resulted in a broad functional distinction of the ACC (here defined as anterior cingulate gyrus proper and paracingulate gyrus [73, 74, 75, 76]). Specifically, consistent with the hypothesized linkages to mentalizing, person perception, joint attention, and self-knowledge (e.g., 7), a cluster centered at the pgACC (Brodmann area [BA] 32) and extending anteriorly toward the rostral medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC;
Discussion
This quantitative meta-analysis revealed ASD-related abnormalities (both decreases and increases) in probabilities of activation in distributed regions, which appeared largely domain-specific. The primary distinction is between studies focusing on social processing versus those examining nonsocial cognition, typically pertaining to executive function.
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