CommentaryToward a New Neuropsychological Model of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Subtypes and Multiple Deficits
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2010, Clinical Psychology ReviewCitation Excerpt :Given heterogeneity of ADHD and the lack of a common core neuropsychological deficit among children with this disorder, regulatory models provide a plausible alternative to core-cognitive/motivational-deficit models of ADHD. There have been two models of ADHD (Douglas, 1999; Sergeant, 2000) which move beyond identification of a cognitive or motivational deficit and describe the interplay between cognition and motivation to select actions that are appropriate for a given context as part of the broad domain of self-regulation (Pennington, 2005). These models attempt to account for the variability associated with ADHD across several domains, including symptom presentation (Castellanos & Tannock, 2002), response times across numerous cognitive tasks (Leth-Steensen, Elbaz, & Douglas, 2000), and physiological activity (Borger et al., 1999).
Widespread Cortical Thinning Is a Robust Anatomical Marker for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
2009, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryCitation Excerpt :Thus, our observations of pervasive cortical thinning within the dorsolateral, orbitofrontal, and medial frontal regions and the parietal cortex suggest that abnormalities in neural cytoarchitecture may constitute a biological basis for the clinical and neuropsychological profiles of ADHD. Despite an emphasis of the role of executive functioning and inhibitory control in ADHD, the existing literature also indicates that ADHD is associated with a heterogeneous neurocognitive profile where deficits in executive function do not present in all individuals, and other functional systems are implicated.49,52,53 For example, some neuropsychological and electrophysiological studies suggest earlier, more generalized deficits in information processes such as in visual-spatial functioning, attention allocation, and response preparation involving temporostriatal and/or temporoparietal networks.54–56
Immunologic and neurodevelopmental susceptibilities of autism
2008, NeuroToxicologyInhibitory deficits and symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: How are they related to effortful control?
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