Repetitive Thought Impairs Sleep Quality: An Experience Sampling Study☆
Section snippets
Participants
A group of 49 undergraduate students (38 female; average age = 19.4, SD = 1.3) was recruited from introductory psychology courses across several universities in Japan.1
Results
On average, participants went to bed at 1:36 a.m. and rose at 8:10 a.m. Means, standard deviations, and ranges of ESM variables and other sleep parameters are presented in Table 1. Before conducting the main analyses, we compared thought contents between high and low repetitive thought scores in order to validate our momentary repetitive thought scale. We noted 26 thoughts with a score of 21 (7 on each of the three self-focus, unpleasantness, and uncontrollability items), and 17 thoughts with a
Discussion
In this study, we observed naturally occurring repetitive thought and moods at various times of the day in daily-life settings by using an ESM paradigm, and investigated their associations with objective measurements of sleep quality obtained by an actigraph. We tested three main hypotheses regarding the interrelationships between repetitive thought, moods, and sleep. First, we hypothesized that repetitive thought would have a significant influence on nighttime sleep quality, and that this
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.
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This study was supported by grants from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (21-10591). We would like to express our gratitude for the assistance provided by the staff of the Self-Focus Research Project at Nihon University: Tomomi Hashimoto, Mari Inaba, Haruka Ishikura, Ryuichiro Kuki, Mayou Sohyama, and Rika Ueno.