Special communication
Brain-Computer Interface Users Speak Up: The Virtual Users' Forum at the 2013 International Brain-Computer Interface Meeting

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Abstract

More than 300 researchers gathered at the 2013 International Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) Meeting to discuss current practice and future goals for BCI research and development. The authors organized the Virtual Users' Forum at the meeting to provide the BCI community with feedback from users. We report on the Virtual Users' Forum, including initial results from ongoing research being conducted by 2 BCI groups. Online surveys and in-person interviews were used to solicit feedback from people with disabilities who are expert and novice BCI users. For the Virtual Users' Forum, their responses were organized into 4 major themes: current (non-BCI) communication methods, experiences with BCI research, challenges of current BCIs, and future BCI developments. Two authors with severe disabilities gave presentations during the Virtual Users' Forum, and their comments are integrated with the other results. While participants' hopes for BCIs of the future remain high, their comments about available systems mirror those made by consumers about conventional assistive technology. They reflect concerns about reliability (eg, typing accuracy/speed), utility (eg, applications and the desire for real-time interactions), ease of use (eg, portability and system setup), and support (eg, technical support and caregiver training). People with disabilities, as target users of BCI systems, can provide valuable feedback and input on the development of BCI as an assistive technology. To this end, participatory action research should be considered as a valuable methodology for future BCI research.

Section snippets

Methods

Data presented during the Virtual Users' Forum came from 3 sources: (1) responses to an online survey of expert BCI users; (2) transcripts of interviews with novice BCI users; and (3) prepared statements from 2 authors who are also BCI users. All participants had severe disabilities and experience with 1 of 2 different noninvasive BCI systems: the Wadsworth BCI Home System (BCI24/7) and the RSVP Keyboard. Both systems use wet-electrode electroencephalography signals acquired via a cap studded

Results

Data from the 3 sources were organized into 4 major themes. Quotation marks appear around text taken directly from interview transcripts, survey responses, or the written comments prepared by the authors for the Virtual Users' Forum.

Discussion

Comments from the Virtual Users' Forum at the 2013 BCI Meeting provide insight into the opinions and preferences of potential BCI users, and offer a glimpse of how PAR may be implemented in the BCI community. The overall objective of clinical BCIs, which is consonant with general assistive technology principles, is to provide options for enhancing communication and computer control so that individuals with disabilities can function at their fullest potential for health, education, social

Conclusions

Individuals with disabilities can be important partners in the effective translation of BCI technology. Using reports from people with disabilities about their BCI use at all stages of expertise should foster a more realistic understanding of the state of the technology. Their input about device satisfaction and desired outcomes can suggest research questions, guide system development, and aid in the design of appropriate clinical implementation services and outcomes measures for BCI in the

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    Presented to the National Institutes of Health, National Science Foundation, and other organizations (for a full list, see http://bcimeeting.org/2013/sponsors.html), June 3-7, 2013, Asilomar Conference Grounds, Pacific Grove, CA.

    Supported in part by the National Institutes of Health (grant nos. 1R01DC009834, R13DC012744, EB00856) and the U.S. Department of Education (National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research) (grant no. H133G090005). Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding agencies.

    Disclosures: none.

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