American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
Original articleRelapse of anterior open bites treated with orthodontic appliances with and without orofacial myofunctional therapy
Section snippets
Material and methods
All subjects were referred by orthodontists to an OMT private practice because of dental anterior open bites and Angle Class I or Class II malocclusion. Open bite was measured to the nearest whole number as the vertical discrepancy between incisal edges of the mandibular central incisors and the lingual surface of the maxillary incisors or palate. No subject could contact the incisors by protruding the mandible, thus fitting the criterion of a true anterior open bite according to Ferguson.53
Results
Comparison of measurements made by orofacial myofunctional therapists vs orthodontists at the follow-up showed the 2 did not differ statistically. The relapse differences between the experimental cohort (treated with orthodontics and OMT) and control cohort (treated with orthodontics alone) as shown by the t tests were highly statistically significant (P <0.0001; Table II). The distribution of relapse of the control subjects was relatively symmetric (Fig 2; range, 1-7 mm; mean, 3.4 ± 1.3 mm).
Discussion
The results of this study show a clear difference between the outcomes of subjects with anterior open bites when treated with orthodontics alone compared with those treated with orthodontics and OMT. A key finding was that relapse in the experimental cohort treated with orthodontics and OMT (0.48 ± 0.8 mm) was significantly less than that in the control cohorts treated with orthodontics alone (3.38 ± 1.3 mm; P <0.0001; Table II). In addition to the 23 subjects who received OMT before or during
Conclusions
- 1.
OMT with orthodontic treatment was efficacious in closing and maintaining closure of dental open bites in Angle Class I and Class II malocclusions, and it dramatically reduced the relapse of open bites in patients who had forward tongue posture and tongue thrust. Correcting low forward tongue posture and tongue thrust swallows minimized the risk of orthodontic relapse.
- 2.
Speech errors and oral habits were associated with relapse but were often correctable with OMT. Retention of speech errors did
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Partially funded by the Committee for Research on Orofacial Myology (John P. Howland, chairman), which ceased operation and donated its treasury to the Portland State University Foundation.
The authors report no commercial, proprietary, or financial interest in the products or companies described in this article.