Elsevier

American Heart Journal

Volume 162, Issue 6, December 2011, Pages 1052-1061
American Heart Journal

Clinical Investigation
Interventional Cardiology
Trends and predictors of length of stay after primary percutaneous coronary intervention: A report from the CathPCI Registry

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2011.09.008Get rights and content

Background

Post hoc analyses of clinical trials suggest that certain patients are eligible for early discharge after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. The extent to which ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients are discharged early after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) in current practice is unknown.

Methods

We examined 115,113 patients in the CathPCI Registry to assess temporal trends in length of stay (LOS) after PPCI. Baseline characteristics were compared between patients with LOS ≤2 and >2 days. Predictors of LOS >2 days were determined by logistic regression and adjusted for clustering among centers. Patterns of discharge within 2 days for low-risk patients with no inhospital complications were examined.

Results

From January 2005 through March 2009, mean LOS (4.0 ± 3.0 to 3.6 ± 2.7 days) (P for trend <.001) and the proportion of patients discharged after 2 days decreased (72.0%-65.9%), while predicted inhospital mortality risk remained unchanged. Patients with LOS >2 days (n = 77,471; 67.3%) were older and more likely to have had an intra-aortic balloon pump, cardiogenic shock, transfusions, and post-PPCI complications. Of 958 hospitals, 437 (45.6%) discharged at least half of their low-risk patients with no inhospital complications within 2 days.

Conclusions

While the predicted risk profile has remained stable, there has been a significant decrease in LOS after PPCI. Nevertheless, hospitals vary in discharging low-risk and uncomplicated patients early. Discharge within 2 days was associated with specific patient, procedure, and hospital factors. Further study is needed to determine the safety of early discharge among patients undergoing PPCI.

Section snippets

The CathPCI Registry database

The CathPCI Registry is co-sponsored by the American College of Cardiology and the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions.11 Briefly, participating sites submit complete information from consecutive interventional cases performed at their center. Data collected includes patient characteristics, clinical features, angiographic and procedural details, and inhospital outcomes. Data quality is maintained by various measures such as rigorous and uniform data abstraction training,

Patient population

A total of 189,132 patients from 985 CathPCI Registry sites admitted with STEMI underwent PPCI from February 2004 through March 2009. After the exclusions, the final analysis population consisted of 115,113 patients enrolled from 980 hospitals (Figure 1).

Distribution of LOS

The distribution of LOS was skewed with a median LOS of 3 days (interquartile range, 2-4 days), and mean LOS 4.1 ± 4.7 days (Figure 2). Most patients (90%) were discharged within 6 days.

Mean LOS decreased significantly from January 2005 through

Discussion

Length of stay is an important determinant of overall health care costs and is therefore highly relevant in the current climate of increasingly finite medical resources. We examined data from a large contemporary population of STEMI patients undergoing PPCI in the United States. This study demonstrates that the average LOS has modestly, yet significantly, decreased between 2004 and 2009. This decline has occurred simultaneously with the predicted inhospital mortality risk of patients undergoing

Conclusion

In this large contemporary database of STEMI patients who have undergone PPCI, mortality risk has remained constant between 2004 and 2009, whereas there has been a modest but significant decrease in LOS. There exists considerable variation among hospitals in discharging low-risk and uncomplicated patients early. Length of stay ≤2 days is associated with specific patient, procedure, and hospital factors. The decrease in LOS may relate to improved procedural approaches and successes, but the

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Erin LoFrese for her editorial contributions to this manuscript. Ms. LoFrese did not receive compensation for her assistance, apart from her employment at the institution where this study was conducted.

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Stephen G. Ellis, MD served as guest editor for this article.

This project was supported by grant number U18HS016964 from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the AHRQ. The funding source had no role in the design or implementation of the study, or in the decision to seek publication.

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