Smoking and posttraumatic stress symptoms among adolescents: Does anxiety sensitivity matter?
Section snippets
Participants
The sample consisted of 64 (40 females) adolescents (Mage = 15 years, 0 months; SD = 2 years, 4 months; range = 10 years, 6 months to 17 years, 11 months) who reported exposure to at least one Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders — Fourth Edition (DSM-IV; APA, 1994) defined traumatic event (see below for details). Participants were selected from a larger sample (n = 225) who were recruited via announcements and flyers placed throughout the local community. Education level was as
Zero-order correlations
First, associations among theoretically and empirically-relevant factors were examined. Posttraumatic stress symptom level was not related to age (r = .19, ns) and did not differ as a function of gender (t = .83, ns) or alcohol use history (t = 1.93, ns). However, PANAS-C negative affectivity scores were significantly related to symptom levels (r = .24, p < .05). Accordingly, PANAS-C scores were included at step 1 of each regression model.
Consistent with hypothesis one, adolescents with positive smoking
Discussion
The current study contributes to the growing literature on the relationship between smoking and posttraumatic stress symptoms among youth, and uniquely examined AS as a moderator of this association. Consistent with prediction, traumatic event-exposed adolescents with positive smoking histories reported higher levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms and this relationship was moderated by AS. In terms of specific facets of the global AS construct, as predicted, the Disease Concerns factor
Acknowledgments
This project was supported, in part, by an Arkansas Biosciences Institute grant and a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention grant (U49 CE001248) awarded to Dr. Feldner and a National Institutes of Health grant awarded to Dr. Leen-Feldner (grant # 1 R03 MH077692-01A1).
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Anxiety sensitivity in the association between posttraumatic stress and substance use disorders: A systematic review
2018, Clinical Psychology ReviewCitation Excerpt :Collectively, these studies suggest that trauma exposure and/or PTSD diagnosis may be associated with elevated AS in substance using samples. The bivariate associations between AS and smoking frequency and/or tobacco dependence were examined in eight studies (across 5 unique samples), and these studies reported non-significant associations correlations between AS and smoking (r's < 0.20; (Bakshaie et al., 2015; Bakshaie et al., 2016; Farris et al., 2014; Farris et al., 2016; Feldner, Babson et al., 2008; Mathew et al., 2015; Rellini et al., 2010). However, one study of treatment-seeking smokers with PTSD found that AS demonstrated small-sized associations with expired carbon monoxide breath samples (r = 0.29), an index of smoking recency (Asnaani et al., 2015).
Anxiety sensitivity mediates the association between post-traumatic stress symptom severity and interoceptive threat-related smoking abstinence expectancies among World Trade Center disaster-exposed smokers
2015, Addictive BehaviorsCitation Excerpt :Although the size of this effect was small in size, these data are conceptually relevant given the physiological nature of some nicotine withdrawal symptoms (e.g., restlessness, sleep disturbances, coughing, dizziness; Hughes, 2007) and physical health consequences of smoking. Indeed, previous work has also found specificity for the physical concerns sub-factor of anxiety sensitivity in terms of predicting smoking heaviness among treatment-seeking smokers (Farris et al., 2015) and more severe PTSD symptoms (Feldner, Babson, Zvolensky, Monson, et al., 2007; Feldner, Leen-Feldner, Trainor, Blanchard, & Monson, 2008). A post-hoc mediation model was conducted to further explicate the nature of the associations between PTSD symptom severity, anxiety sensitivity, and threat-based abstinence expectancies.
A social operational model of urban adolescents' tobacco and substance use: A mediational analysis
2011, Journal of AdolescenceCitation Excerpt :A substantial body of research documents the relationship between mental health and the use of substances among adolescents (Costello, Erkanli, & Federman, 1999; Grella, Hser, Joshi, & Rounds-Bryant, 2001; Kandel et al., 1999). Of particular relevance to the present study, many urban youth are disproportionately exposed to trauma (e.g., violence, crime), which increases vulnerability to tobacco use (Feldner, Leen-Feldner, Trainor, Blanchard, & Monson, 2008; Hebert, 2008) and to other substance use (Acierno, Kilpatrick, Resnick, Saunders, Arellano, Best, 2003; Costello, Erkanli, Fairbank, & Angold, 2002). Specifically, early exposure to trauma and subsequent development of PTSD symptoms can interfere with emotional regulatory tasks and lead to further internalizing problems (Lubit, 2005; Mayes & Suchman, 2006).
Posttraumatic stress disorder and cigarette smoking: A systematic review
2018, Depression and Anxiety