Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-dfsvx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T17:57:21.248Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Social adjustment and self-esteem in remitted patients with mood disorders

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2020

A Serretti ,
MC Cavallini ,
F Macciardi ,
C Namia ,
L Franchini ,
D Souery ,
O Lipp ,
F Bauwens ,
E Smeraldi  and
J Mendlewicz
A Serretti
Affiliation:
Istituto Scientifico Ospedale San Raffaele, Department of Neuropsychiatric Sciences, University of Milan School of Medicine, Via Luigi Prinetti 29, 20127Milan, Italy
MC Cavallini
Affiliation:
Istituto Scientifico Ospedale San Raffaele, Department of Neuropsychiatric Sciences, University of Milan School of Medicine, Via Luigi Prinetti 29, 20127Milan, Italy
F Macciardi
Affiliation:
Istituto Scientifico Ospedale San Raffaele, Department of Neuropsychiatric Sciences, University of Milan School of Medicine, Via Luigi Prinetti 29, 20127Milan, Italy
C Namia
Affiliation:
Istituto Scientifico Ospedale San Raffaele, Department of Neuropsychiatric Sciences, University of Milan School of Medicine, Via Luigi Prinetti 29, 20127Milan, Italy
L Franchini
Affiliation:
Istituto Scientifico Ospedale San Raffaele, Department of Neuropsychiatric Sciences, University of Milan School of Medicine, Via Luigi Prinetti 29, 20127Milan, Italy
D Souery
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University Clinics of Brussels, Erasme Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
O Lipp
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University Clinics of Brussels, Erasme Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
F Bauwens
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University Clinics of Brussels, Erasme Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
E Smeraldi
Affiliation:
Istituto Scientifico Ospedale San Raffaele, Department of Neuropsychiatric Sciences, University of Milan School of Medicine, Via Luigi Prinetti 29, 20127Milan, Italy
J Mendlewicz
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University Clinics of Brussels, Erasme Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
Get access

Summary

Mood disorders are characterized by manic and depressive episodes alternating with normal mood. While social function is heavily impaired during episodes of illness, there are conflicting opinions about inter-episode function. The present paper focuses on self-esteem and social adjustment in remitted mood disorders patients.

Patients with mood disorders (99 bipolar and 86 major depressive subjects, in remission) were compared with a group of 100 control subjects. The self-esteem scale (SES) and the social adjustment scale (SAS) were used to measure self-esteem and social adjustment, respectively, in both groups of subjects.

Patients with mood disorder exhibited worse social adjustment and lower self-esteem than control subjects.These results strongly confirm previous observations of poor inter-episode function in patients with mood disorder.

Keywords

bipolar disorderdepressive disordersocial adjustmentself-esteem
Type
Original Articles
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 14 , Issue 3 , June 1999 , pp. 137 - 142
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 1999

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rded, Revised) 1997 Washington, DC: APAGoogle Scholar
Blazer, DGSevere episode of depression in late life – the long road to recovery. Am J Psychiatry 1996 ; 153 : 1620–1623.Google Scholar
Bauwens, F, Tracj, A, Pardoen, D, Vander Elst, M, Mendlewicz, JSocial adjustment of remitted bipolar and unipolar outpatients A comparison with age-and sex-matched controls. Br J Psychiatry 1991 ; 159 : 239–244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casey, PR, Tryer, PJPersonality, functioning and symptomatology. J Psychiatr Res 1996 ; 20 : 363–374.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coryell, W, Scheftner, W, Keller, M, Endicott, J, Maser, J, Klerman, GLThe enduring psycho-social consequences of mania and depression. Am J Psychiatry 1993 ; 150 : 720–727.Google Scholar
DeLisio, G, Maremmani, I, Perugi, G, Cassano, GB, Deltito, J, Akiskal, HGImpairment of work and leisure in depressed outpatients: a preliminary communication. J Affect Disord 1986 ; 10 : 79–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Devereux, GEssais d'etnopsychiatrie générale 1970 Paris: GallimardGoogle Scholar
Dixon, WJBMDP statistical software manual 1990 Berkeley: University of California PressGoogle Scholar
Dohrenwend, BP, Levav, I, Shrout, PE, Schwartz, S, Naveh, G, Link, BGSocioeconomic status and psychiatric disorders: the causation-selection. Science 1992 ; 255 : 946–952.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dunner, D, Igel, G, Fieve, RSocial adjustment in primary affective disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1978 ; 135 : 1412–1413.Google ScholarPubMed
Endicott, J, Spitzer, RLA diagnostic interview: the schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1978 ; 35 : 837–844.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fredman, L, Weissman, MM, Leaf, PJ, Bruce, MLSocial functioning in community residents with depression and other psychiatric disorders. J Affect Disord 1988 ; 15 : 103–112.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hamilton, MA rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1960 ; 23 : 56–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hensley, WE, Roberts, MKDimensions of Rosenburg's self-esteem scale. Psychol Rep 1976 ; 38 : 583–584.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nathan, TLa folie des autres. Traité d'ethnopsychiatrie clinique 1986 Paris: DunodGoogle Scholar
Orme, JG, Reis, J, Herz, EJFactorial and discriminant validity of the center for epidemiological studies depression (CES-D) scale. J Clin Psychol 1986 ; 42 : 28–33.3.0.CO;2-T>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pardoen, D, Bauwens, F, Tracy, AS, Martin, F, Mendlewicz, JSelf-esteem in recovered bipolar and unipolar outpatients. Br J Psychiatry 1993 ; 163 : 755–762.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paykel, ES, Weissman, M;MSocial adjustment and depression: a longitudinal study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1973 ; 18 : 659–663.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paykel, ES, Weissman, MM, Prusoff, BASocial maladjustment and severity of depression. Compr Psychiatry 1978 ; 19 : 121–128.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Perugi, G, Maremmani, I, McNair, D, Cassano, GB, Akiskal, HSDifferential changes in areas of social adjustment from depressive episodes through recovery. J Affect Disord 1988 ; 15 : 39–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Post, RMTransduction of psycho-social stress into the neurobiology of recurrent. Am J Psychiatry 1992 ; 149 : 999–1010.Google Scholar
Rice, JP, Rochberg, N, Endicott, J, Lavori, PW, Miller, CStability of Psychiatric Diagnoses An application to the affective disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992 ; 49 : 824–830.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosenberg, MThe measurement of self-esteem. Society and the adolescent self-image 1992 Princeton: Princeton University Press 16–36.Google Scholar
Shapurian, R, Hojat, M, Nayerahmadi, HPsychometric characteristics and dimensionality of a Persian version of Rosenberg self-esteem scale. Percept Mot Skills 1987 ; 65 : 27–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Souery, D, Lipp, O, Mahieu, B, Serretti, A, Cavallini, C, Macciardi, Fet alEuropean collaborative project on affective disorders: interactions between genetic and psycho-social vulnerability factors. Psychiatr Genet 1998 ; 8 : 197–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsuang, MT, Faraone, SVThe genetics of mood disorders. 1990 Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press 1–30.Google Scholar
Vocisano, C, Klein, DN, Keefe, RS, Dienst, ER, Kincaid, MMDemographics, family history, pre-morbid functioning, developmental characteristics, and course of patients with deteriorated affective disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1996 ; 153 : 248–255.Google Scholar
Weissman, MM, Paykel, ES, Siegel, R, Klerman, GLThe social role performance of depressed women: comparison with a normal group. Am J Orthopsychiatry 1971 ; 41 : 390–415.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weissman, MM, Bothwell, SAssessment of social adjustment by patient self-report. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1976 ; 33 : 1111–1115.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weissman, MM, Prusoff, BA, Thompson, WD, Harding, PS, Myers, JKSocial adjustment by self-report in a community sample and in psychiatric outpatients. J Nerv Ment Dis 1978 ; 166 : 317–326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weissman, MM, Klerman, GL, Paykel, ES, Prusoff, B, Hanson, BTreatment effects on the social adjustment of depressed outpatients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1978 ; 30 : 771–778.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weissman, MM, Prusoff, BA, DiMascio, A, Neu, C, Goklaney, M, Klerman, GLThe efficacy of drugs and psychotherapy in the treatment of acute depressive episodes. Am J Psychiatry 1979 ; 136 : 555–558.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weissman, MM, Klerman, GL, Prusoff, BA, Sholomskas, D, Padian, NDepressed outpatients Results one year after treatment with drugs and/or interpersonal psychotherapy. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1981 ; 38 : 51–55.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.