Original ArticlesSimultaneous and delayed matching to sample in gesture users and speakers with mental retardation☆
Section snippets
Participants
Sixty-eight individuals participated. Participants were referred to us by cooperating agencies throughout Kansas. The average age of the participants was 22 years, 7 months, with a range in age of 7 to 35 years. Each participant had a diagnosis or classification of severe mental retardation based on the American Association for Mental Retardation’s classification system (Grossman, 1983). Diagnoses were made by psychologists or psychiatrists associated with the school or agency responsible for
Results
Table 2 presents the number of participants who passed each matching task. Ten correct responses out of 12 trials were considered a passing score.
The following results are presented in terms of three different levels of the study because of the criteria guiding when to discontinue testing. The first level of results is for all 68 individuals who participated in the identity match to sample task with real objects. The second level is for 39 participants who passed identity matching and completed
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2006, Research in Developmental DisabilitiesPredicting language outcomes for children learning augmentative and alternative communication: Child and environmental factors
2013, Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing ResearchSymbolic Understanding of Pictures in Low-Functioning Children with Autism: The Effects of Iconicity and Naming
2015, Journal of Autism and Developmental DisordersIconicity in the development of picture skills: Typical development and implications for individuals with severe intellectual disabilities
2009, AAC: Augmentative and Alternative CommunicationRecognition and use of line drawings by children with severe intellectual disabilities: The effects of color and outline shape
2009, AAC: Augmentative and Alternative Communication
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This research was supported by Grant 5 PO1 HD 18955 from the National Instutute of Child Health and Human Development.
- 1
Nancy C. Brady now at the Department of Communication Disorders, University of Minnesota.
- 2
Lee K. McLean now at the A. J. Pappanikou Center, University of Connecticut.