Research articleEffect of the incident at Columbine on students’ violence- and suicide-related behaviors
Section snippets
Study design
This study used data from the 1999 national school-based YRBS. This survey used a three-stage cluster-sample design to obtain a nationally representative sample of students in grades 9 through 12. The target population consisted of all public and private high school students in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Details of the sample design have been described previously.12
Survey procedures were designed to protect student privacy and to allow for anonymous participation. Trained data
Results
We compared by chi-square analyses the distributions of respondents completing questionnaires on or before and after April 20 on gender, grade, race or ethnicity, metropolitan status, and geographic region. Although we found no significant differences (all p >0.2), we controlled for these variables in the subsequent analyses to eliminate any potential confounding.
As shown in Table 1, relative to students who completed the YRBS on or before April 20, those who completed the questionnaire after
Discussion
Although the percentage of students who reported feeling too unsafe to attend school did not increase significantly during the 1990s,14 between 1997 and 1999 it increased 30%, from 4.0% to 5.2%.12 The current study revealed that this increase was associated with data collection timing relative to the Columbine incident. Specifically, the percentage of students who reported feeling too unsafe to attend school before the Columbine incident (3.9%) was nearly identical to the 4.0% of students who
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2023, Encyclopedia of Mental Health, Third Edition: Volume 1-3Supporting Children After School Shootings
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Trends in Firearm Injuries Among Children and Teenagers in the United States
2020, Journal of Surgical ResearchCitation Excerpt :Other than the deaths and injuries associated with these events, there are also consequences for survivors. Symptoms of post-traumatic stress and increased feelings of insecurity have been associated with experiencing school shootings.55-57 Identifying preventable factors associated with these events is necessary to formulate strategies to reduce the complex problem of school shootings.
Brief report: Examining children's disruptive behavior in the wake of trauma - A two-piece growth curve model before and after a school shooting
2015, Journal of AdolescenceCitation Excerpt :Retrospective studies of “single-incident traumas” indicate that direct and indirect exposure (including media exposure) can heighten feelings of fear, anxiety, and vulnerability in children (Comer et al., 2010; Eisenberg & Silver, 2011; Gould, Munfakh, Kleinman, Lubell, & Provenzano, 2004; Hoven et al., 2004). School shootings, in particular, heighten feelings of insecurity, feeling too unsafe to attend school, and symptoms of posttraumatic stress (Brener, Simon, Anderson, Barrios, & Small, 2002; Suomalainen, Haravuori, Berg, Kiviruusu, & Marttunen, 2011). Unfortunately, the rate of mass shootings seems to be increasing (Cohen, Azrael, & Miller, 2015).
Preventing secondary traumatization in the undergraduate classroom: Lessons from theory and clinical practice
2011, Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy