Amebic Encephalitis Caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris in a Czech Child: Description of the First Case from Europe
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Cutaneous balamuthiasis: A clinicopathological study
2022, JAAD InternationalCitation Excerpt :Subsequent microscopic studies showed that the parasite was morphologically and antigenically different from other amoebas of the order Leptomyxida; thus, a new species-genus and family were established to include this microorganism, which was later renamed in the honor of the 20th century protozoologist, Dr William Balamuth.1-3,22 Epidemiologically, B. mandrillaris infection is reported mainly in the Americas, with few cases reported in other countries such as Japan, Thailand, Australia, Czech Republic, Portugal, and China.6,23-31 To date, approximately 200 cases of granulomatous meningitis by B. mandrillaris have been reported.
Acanthamoeba and its pathogenic role in granulomatous amebic encephalitis
2020, Experimental ParasitologyCitation Excerpt :Formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue biopsies of brain and skin can significantly reveal both cysts and trophozoites of Acanthamoeba on histopathological examination where these may be seen cuffing the perivascular region. However, acanthopodia of the trophozoites are usually not noticeable in histopathological staining (Kodet et al., 1998). Different stains have been used for identification of cysts and trophozoites including hematoxylin and eosin, Grocott's Gomori Methenamine-Silver (GMS), trichrome, wright, calcofluor white etc. (Siddiqui et al., 2009).
Pathogenic and Opportunistic Free-living Amoebae: Agents of Human and Animal Disease. Agents of Human and Animal Disease.
2013, Manson's Tropical Diseases: Twenty-Third EditionIs Balamuthia mandrillaris a public health concern worldwide?
2013, Trends in ParasitologyCitation Excerpt :Since the description of B. mandrillaris as the causative agent of BAE associated with or without skin lesions, more than 200 cases have been reported worldwide [5–8,12]. The American continent has reported the highest number of infected patients, who are located mostly in North America [11,12] and Latin America [8,10,13–19], but a few cases have also been reported in Asia [20–23], Australia [23–25], and Europe (UK, Portugal, and the Czech Republic) [26–28]. Most reported cases in the USA involved individuals from the Southwest (mainly Arizona, Texas, and California) [8,12,29].
Tropical dermatology: Tropical diseases caused by protozoa
2009, Journal of the American Academy of DermatologyCitation Excerpt :As of 2006, more than 100 cases of B mandrillaris had been reported worldwide.79 Many had been reported in South, Central,80-89 and North America,90,91 and in Asia,92,93 Australia,94 and Europe.95 The true incidence of this infection may in fact be higher, because cases formerly attributed to Acanthamoeba may have been caused by B mandrillaris.96
Fatal granulomatous amoebic meningoencephalitis due to Balamuthia mandrillaris
2008, Pathology Research and Practice