Elsevier

Neurobiology of Aging

Volume 18, Issue 5, September–October 1997, Pages 483-489
Neurobiology of Aging

Original Articles
Age Diminishes Performance on an Antisaccade Eye Movement Task

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0197-4580(97)00109-7Get rights and content

Abstract

The antisaccade eye movement task, which has been linked to frontal lobe function, presents a target in one visual field and asks subjects to move their eyes to the same location in the opposite field. The task requires inhibition of the reflexive prosaccade to the cue, initiation of the antisaccade to the opposite field, and visuo-spatial memory of the cue location. Forty-two subjects from 19–79 years of age performed this task and a control task, visually guided saccades to the cue itself, to determine which functions are affected by aging. The time to initiate antisaccades increased linearly with age at a rate greater than the time to initiate visually guided saccades. This difference suggests that the processing time to inhibit the incorrect movement to the cue is selectively increased with age. Older subjects also made more incorrect prosaccadic movements to the cue, a finding consistent with the loss of inhibitory processing capacity. The accuracy of movements did not change, which suggests that visuo-spatial memory is unaffected by aging.

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Subjects

Subjects were 42 hospital employees, their relatives, and people recruited from advertisements. Exclusion criteria included current or past psychoses, neurological disorders, or a family history of schizophrenia. After complete description of the study to the subjects, written informed consent was obtained. Twenty (41%) of the subjects were male. The age of the subjects ranged from 19–79 years with 5–10 subjects in each decade. The level of education for the subjects ranged from 8–22 years

Results

A significant effect of age was detected in both the visually guided and the antisaccade tasks. In the visually guided task, advancing age decreased the subjects’ ability to initiate movement towards the target, measured as increased latency. Aging also decreased the accuracy of the visually guided saccade, once initiated, by seven one hundredths of a percent/year. Fig. 1 shows performance of a younger subject and an older subject on a portion of the visually guided task. The older subject

Discussion

Performance on the visually guided and antisaccade eye movement tasks provides information about the effects of age on motor initiation, inhibition of response, and accuracy of visuo-spatial memory. Motor initiation, as measured by latency, is slowed in both tasks. Longer latencies have been reported in previous studies of saccadic reflexive tasks in aged individuals [19]; slower reaction times in aging have also been found with other paradigms as well [4]. However, the antisaccade task

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