Elsevier

The Lancet

Volume 310, Issue 8041, 8 October 1977, Page 767
The Lancet

Letters to the Editor
AUDITORY ABNORMALITIES IN AUTISTIC CHILDREN

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(77)90278-1Get rights and content

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    The Autism Diagnostic Interview is the only comprehensive instrument reported to identify ASD in children with VI, but further work is needed.41 The co-occurrence between HL and ASD was first suggested in the 1970s,42 and it was believed that HL was a possible cause for autism,43 pointing to social isolation, emotional distress, psychological disorders, and language deficits in children with HL as potential pathways to a subsequent diagnosis of autism.18,44 Conditions such as cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis, bacterial meningitis, rubella and measles have also been proposed as possible risk factors for co-occurrence of HL and ASD.11

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    Problems in state regulation may be expressed as atypical social and emotional behaviors (e.g., Bachevalier and Loveland, 2006), low thresholds to be reactive, tantrums, difficulties in sustaining attention, and sleep disorders. The auditory processing deficits may be experienced as language and speech delays, difficulties in extracting human voice from background sounds, hyperacusis, or as a general compromise in social communication skills (Dissanayake and Sigman, 2001; Frith and Baron-Cohen, 1987; Hayes and Gordon, 1977; Klin, 1992; Lockyer and Rutter, 1969). The mechanisms mediating state regulation and auditory processing are assumed to represent disparate response systems.

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    The dispute about whether autism is associated with hearing problems is an old one. Hayes and Gordon [46] reported that in a study on 15 children with autism they found that three of the children had defects in pure-tone hearing, twelve had some abnormality of the stapedius reflex threshold, and one had liquid in the middle ear. Gordon followed with many publications [47,48] drawing attention to the association between autism and ear disease or peripheral auditory deficits, and instigated the dispute about, and the interest in, this matter [49].

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