Elsevier

The Lancet

Volume 267, Issue 6922, 28 April 1956, Pages 527-530
The Lancet

ORIGINAL ARTICLES
TREATMENT OF TETANUS: SEVERE BONE-MARROW DEPRESSION AFTER PROLONGED NITROUS-OXIDE ANESTHESIA

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    Ugeskr. Lœg.

    (1953)
There are more references available in the full text version of this article.

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  • A health-based recommended occupational exposure limit for nitrous oxide using experimental animal data based on a systematic review and dose-response analysis

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    As a consequence, N2O is one of the most used inhalation anaesthetics, next to halogenated substances, such as sevoflurane, isoflurane, desflurane, and halothane. Since the mid-1950s, however, concerns have been raised regarding potential toxic effects of N2O, followed by concerns for potential risks to the health of staff exposed on a daily basis over many years during their employment in the healthcare sector (Lassen et al., 1956; Linde and Bruce, 1969). These concerns led to further research being conducted among operating room staff, midwives, dentists, dental surgeons, dental assistants, and workers in veterinary practices (Lewinska et al., 2005; Axelsson et al., 1996; Rowland et al., 1992; Ward and Byland, 1982).

  • A Critical Appraisal of the Effects of Anesthetics on Immune-system Modulation in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19

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    Although these effects were first demonstrated >100 years ago, research to date has shown that at concentrations used clinically, different anesthetics affect the functions of the inflammatory response in a diverse manner9 (Table II). Therefore, the development of therapeutic approaches seems prudent for preventing iatrogenic harm that may lead to dysregulation of this inflammatory process and increased morbidity and mortality.77 The effects of anesthetics on immunomodulation of inflammation are complex, and in patients with COVID-19, the choice and use of these agents must be highly dependent on the immune status, especially in those with obesity, in whom the inflammation-induced synergistic conversion of tissue-resident macrophages to an M1-like phenotype and the expression of cytokines and adipokines by adipocytes will aggravate the inflammatory status.78–80

  • European Society of Anaesthesiology Task Force on Nitrous Oxide: a narrative review of its role in clinical practice

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    In rodents, a teratogenic effect of N2O was shown for high concentrations (up to 75 vol%) over long periods (24 h).73,74 The negative effects associated with prolonged N2O sedation in severely diseased patients were described in 1956.75 Toxicity depends on duration of exposure: continuous administration for 6 h did not cause any adverse effects, whereas 12 and 24 h exposures showed signs of bone marrow toxicity.76

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