Elsevier

The Lancet

Volume 264, Issue 6839, 25 September 1954, Pages 607-614
The Lancet

ORIGINAL ARTICLES
SPLITTING OF THE FIRST AND SECOND HEART SOUNDS

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Cited by (53)

  • Naturally Occurring Shear Waves in Healthy Volunteers and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Patients

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    However, several mechanical, electrical and hemodynamic events take place during this time (Goetz et al. 2005; Golde and Burstin 1970; Konofagou and Provost 2012; Costet et al. 2014). In patients with normal atrio-ventricular and intraventricular conduction, the first component of the two heart sounds is the valvular component: mitral (for the first heart sound) and aortic (for the second heart sound), respectively (Leatham 1954), and thus synchronous with the onset of the fast shear waves generated by the closure of the same valves (Remme 2008). Propagation delay for the PCG tracings is negligible due to the difference in velocity (1540 m/s for sound waves vs. 1–10 m/s for shear waves).

  • A generating model of realistic synthetic heart sounds for performance assessment of phonocardiogram processing algorithms

    2013, Biomedical Signal Processing and Control
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    The mitral component (M1) is slightly higher in intensity and frequency than the tricuspid component (T1). These two components are normally 20–30 ms apart in normal subjects [15,18,22]. This time delay, called the time split of S1, is caused by the asynchronous closure of M1 and T1.

  • Research and application of heart sound alignment and descriptor

    2013, Computers in Biology and Medicine
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    With rapid development of signal processing and artificial intelligence (AI) technology, various methods of automatic analysis and diagnosis based on HS become possible and visible. Many researchers are inspired by Leatham’s pioneer work on how to segment the first and second HS (S1 and S2) and detect murmurs from HS [12]. For example, Wang et al. proposed an algorithm to detect S1 and S2 based on energy level and Kumar et al. proposed a method to detect ambient and internal body noises mixed in recorded HS [11,24].

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* Based on a communication to the Irish Cardiac Society at Dublin on Nov. 11, 1953.

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