Preoperative risk-of-death prediction model in heart surgery with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest in the neonate,☆☆,,★★

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Abstract

Objective: Our goal was to generate a preoperative risk-of-death prediction model in selected neonates with congenital heart disease undergoing surgery with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Methods: We completed a single-center, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled neuroprotection trial in selected neonates with congenital heart disease requiring operations for which deep hypothermic circulatory arrest was used. An extensive database was generated that included preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative variables. Variables (delivery, maternal, and infant related) were evaluated to produce a preoperative risk-of-death prediction model by means of logistic regression. An operative risk-of-death prediction model including duration of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest was also generated. Results: Between July 1992 and September 1997, 350 (74%) of 473 eligible infants were enrolled with 318 undergoing deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. The mortality was 52 of 318 (16.4%), unaffected by investigational drug. The resulting preoperative risk model contained 4 variables: (1) cardiac anatomy (two-ventricle vs single ventricle surgery, with/without arch obstruction), (2) 1-minute Apgar score (≤5 vs >5), (3) presence of genetic syndrome, and (4) age at hospital admission for surgery (≤5 or >5 days). Mortality for two-ventricle repair was 3.2% (4/130). Mortality for single ventricle palliation was 25.5% (48/188) and was significantly influenced by Apgar score, genetic diagnosis, and admission age. The preoperative model had a prediction accuracy of 80%. The operative risk model included duration of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, which significantly (P = .03) increased risk of death, with a prediction accuracy of 82%. Conclusions: In this selected population, postoperative mortality risk is significantly affected by preoperative conditions. Identification of infants with varying mortality risks may affect family counseling, therapeutic intervention, and risk stratification for future study designs. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000; 119:347-57)

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Performed under contract with the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, NS-N01-2315. General Clinical Research Center nursing support was provided by NIH MO1-RR00240. Preoperative risk-of-death prediction—September 7, 1999.

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Read at the Seventy-ninth Annual Meeting of The American Association for Thoracic Surgery, New Orleans, La, April 18-21, 1999.

Address for reprints: Robert Clancy, MD, Division of Neurology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 324 South 34th St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (E-mail: [email protected] ).

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0022-5223/2000 $12.00 + 0  12/6/103461

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Current addresses: Divisions of Neurology (R.R.C., S.A.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (T.L.S., J.W.G.), and Cardiology (G.W.) of the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; the Departments of Neurology (R.R.C., S.A.M.), Pediatrics (R.R.C., S.A.M., G.W.), and Surgery (T.L.S., J.W.G.) of the School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; the DataMedix Corporation (J.E.G.), Media, Pa; the Nemours Cardiac Center, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children (W.I.N., J.D.M.), Wilmington, Del; Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics of the Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University (W.I.N, J.D.M.), Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Surgery, St Christopher’s Hospital for Children (M.L.J.), Philadelphia, Pa; and the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, MCP Hahneman School of Medicine (M.L.J.), Philadelphia, Pa.