Clinical complications with implants and implant prostheses

Presented at the Greater New York Academy of Prosthodontics annual meeting in New York, NY on December 1, 2000. Presented at the Academy of Prosthodontics meeting in Santa Fe, NM on May 21, 2001. Presented at the Annual Session of the American College of Prosthodontists, Orlando, Fla., November 7, 2002.
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Abstract

The purpose of this article is to identify the types of complications that have been reported in conjunction with endosseous root form implants and associated implant prostheses. A Medline and an extensive hand search were performed on English-language publications beginning in 1981. The searches focused on publications that contained clinical data regarding success/failure/complications. The complications were divided into the following 6 categories: surgical, implant loss, bone loss, peri-implant soft tissue, mechanical, and esthetic/phonetic. The raw data were combined from multiple studies and means calculated to identify trends noted in the incidences of complications. The most common implant complications (those with a greater than a 15% incidence) were loosening of the overdenture retentive mechanism (33%), implant loss in irradiated maxillae (25%), hemorrhage-related complications (24%), resin veneer fracture with fixed partial dentures (22%), implant loss with maxillary overdentures (21%), overdentures needing to be relined (19%), implant loss in type IV bone (16%), and overdenture clip/attachment fracture (16%). It was not possible to calculate an overall complications incidence for implant prostheses because there were not multiple clinical studies that simultaneously evaluated all or most of the categories of complications. Although the implant data had to be obtained from different studies, they do indicate a trend toward a greater incidence of complications with implant prostheses than single crowns, fixed partial dentures, all-ceramic crowns, resin-bonded prostheses, and posts and cores.

Section snippets

Literature review

A Medline search of English-language publications was initiated related to success, failure, complications, and clinical studies associated with endosseous root form implants and implant prostheses. Reviewing the reference lists of articles identified through the Medline search revealed additional publications as did extensive hand searching. The literature search covered the years 1981 to 2001. The search focused on publications that contained clinical data regarding success, failure, and

Summary

Although it was not possible to calculate an overall complications incidence for implant prostheses, available studies suggest there are a greater number of clinical complications associated with implant prostheses. The literature identified the following 6 categories of complications associated with implant prostheses: surgical complications, implant loss, bone loss, peri-implant soft tissue complications, mechanical complications, and esthetic/phonetic complications. The most common surgical

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