ARTICLE
The Epidemiology of Low-Level Lead Exposure in Childhood

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Abstract

Recent data suggest that lower levels of lead than those that produce symptoms of poisoning in childhood interfere with brain function. Although animal studies of low-level lead are useful, only human population studies can guide public health decisions. We review recent population studies and identify the four common methodologic problems. A recent study designed to address these problems is presented. Using data from this study, we estimate the attributable risks for impaired school performance due to lead and the fiscal costs of exposure to lead.

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    We thank Margaret Nichols, Janice Adams, and Ruth Barrett for their contribution to this study. This work was conducted at the Mental Retardation Center, Children's Hospital Medical Center. The research was supported byDHEW Program Projectxygrant HD 08945.

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