Original ArticleDYSMETRIC DYSLEXIA AND DYSPRAXIA: Hypothesis and Study
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Discriminant validity of spatial and temporal postural index in children with neurodevelopmental disorders
2017, International Journal of Developmental NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :Similarly, dyslexic children have poor postural control. Frank and Levinson (1973) were the first to show poor postural capabilities in dyslexic children subjectively with the Romberg test. Afterwards, several studies were done by our group (Bucci et al., 2013a,b, 2014; Goulème et al., 2015a,b) and other researchers (Barela et al., 2011; Quercia et al., 2011; Vieira et al., 2013) during simple and/or dual postural tasks in dyslexic population, measuring body sway objectively with postural platforms.
Influence of both cutaneous input from the foot soles and visual information on the control of postural stability in dyslexic children
2017, Gait and PostureCitation Excerpt :Frank and Levinson, in 1973 [3], were the first to suggest a cerebellar-vestibular impairment in dyslexics. These authors examined 115 children with dyslexia and found that 97% of them showed neurological signs of cerebellar-vestibular deficiency evidenced by a positive Romberg test, difficulties in tandem walking, articulatory speech disorders, hypotonia and several disymetric deficits (finger-to-nose, heel-to-toe, writing and drawing) [3]. Neuroimaging studies [4,5] reported a smaller volume of the right anterior lobe of the cerebellum and biochemical differences in the temporo-parietal lobe among dyslexic people compared to healthy subjects.
The effect of a cognitive task on the postural control of dyslexic children
2013, Research in Developmental DisabilitiesVestibular function in children underperforming at school
2008, Brazilian Journal of OtorhinolaryngologyCitation Excerpt :Marchesin et al.13 reported anomalies in voluntary saccade control in a wide variety of disorders such as dyslexia, learning disorders, and ADHD, thus supporting the compared data. Our data sets seem to support the hypothesis postulated by Frank and Levinson15 in that vestibular disorders may interfere with sequential eye fixation required for reading. These concerns have guided studies such as the one by Horak et al.16 in which the vestibular function of children with and without reading and writing disorders was analyzed.
Otoneurologic Evaluation in children with school difficulties: Vestibular function investigation
2007, Brazilian Journal of OtorhinolaryngologyCitation Excerpt :We found values below normal limits (Ganança et al.20), however, for the parameter accuracy (79.4%) in children with learning disabilities. These data corroborate Frank and Levinson's11 hypothesis that vestibular dysfunction could interfere on sequential ocular fixation, which is necessary for reading. Our findings are also similar to those in other studies, such as those by Horak et al.13 on vestibular function in children with and with no reading and writing learning disabilities; this author found altered vestibular reflexes in 20% of children with learning disabilities.
The term “dyspraxia” in “dysmetric dyslexia” is used as an analogy to the parietal dyspraxias and refers to the dysmetric, steering and spatial orientation disturbances noted in the writing and drawings of dysmetric dyslexic children.