Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
New researchModifying the Impact of Eveningness Chronotype (“Night-Owls”) in Youth: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Section snippets
Study Design
Based in a university clinic, from March 2013 to March 2016, youth were randomly assigned, stratified by sex and age (10−14 years, 15−18 years), in a 1:1 parallel group design, to receive either TranS-C or PE. Sibling pairs (n = 3) were randomized to the same condition.
Assessors were blinded to treatment allocation. Sequentially numbered, opaque, sealed envelopes were generated using a computer-generated random number list. A project coordinator conducted randomization after all eligibility
Participant Characteristics
There were no differences in demographic or clinical characteristics between treatment groups at pretreatment (Table 2). There were no significant differences between participants randomized versus excluded for age (p = 0.27) or sex (p = 0.19). There was no group difference in the rate of dropouts during treatment (TranS-C =7.9%, PE = 2.3%; p = 0.09) or follow-up (TranS-C = 1.1%, PE = 3.4%; p = 0.30). The two treatment groups also did not differ with respect to time between treatment sessions (p
Discussion
Relative to PE, TranS-C was associated with a greater decrease in evening circadian preference, an earlier endogenous circadian phase, greater decrease in daytime sleepiness, and greater increase in sleep via the PSQI. This pattern of findings was also observed on the parent-reported CBCL Sleep Composite and on two sleep diary outcomes: weeknight−weekend discrepancy for TST and WUP. In addition, youth who received TranS-C demonstrated significantly longer TST on weeknights (23 minutes) from
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This research was funded by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD071065).
This study was presented in a keynote at the 47th Annual Congress of the European Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Therapies in Ljubljana, Slovenia, September 13−16, 2017 and World Sleep in Prague, Czech Republic, October 7−11, 2017.
Drs. Dong and Rabe-Hesketh served as the statistical experts for this research.
The authors are grateful to the team for their assistance, particularly Emily M. Clark, BA, Brenden Mei, BA, Xin Zhao, BA, Leah M. Miller, BA, O’Min Kwon, BA, Aaron T. Daley, BA, Armando Martinez, BA, Emily Pfannenstiel, BA, Shay O’Brien, MSW, and Jie Jane Chen, BA, of the University of California, Berkeley, for assistance with project co-ordination; Eve Fine, MSW, Davin Duval, MSW, Annie Liang, MSW, Caitlin Eggleston, BA, Deidre Abrons, MFT, and Ania Foster, MFT, of the University of California, Berkeley, for assistance with conducting treatment; Elizabeth Mason, PhD, of the University of New South Wales, Lauren Asarnow, PhD, of Stanford University, and Adriane Soehner, PhD, of the University of Pittsburgh, for assistance with project set-up.
Disclosure: Dr. Harvey has received research support from the National Institutes of Health and book royalties from American Psychological Association, Guilford Press, and Oxford University Press. Dr. Rabe-Hesketh has received book royalties from Stata Press and Springer. Dr. Wyatt has served as a consultant to Philips-Respironics and has received royalties from UpToDate. Dr. Hinshaw has received book royalties from Cambridge University Press, St. Martin’s Press, Ballantine Books, and Oxford University Press. Dr. Silk has received research support from the National Institutes of Health. Dr. Blum has received research support from Pau Innovation Gift Fund Seed Grant; has served as a consultant to Circadia Technologies; and has received book royalties from Parallax Press. Ms. Dolsen has received research support from the National Institutes of Health. Ms. Gumport has received research support from the National Institutes of Health. Drs. Dong, Kanady, Smith, Thompson and Mss. Hein and Zannone report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.