Deception Detection With Behavioral Methods

Abstract

In this chapter, we present a review of the behavioral lie detection tools currently available in the literature. Behavioral lie detection methods are based on the assumptions that being deceptive is cognitively more complex than telling the truth and that this greater complexity is reflected in an alteration of the subject's behavior during a task. Thus, these techniques are mainly based on analyzing the accuracy and response latency when the subject responds to questions related to the object of the investigation. They can be classified into two main categories, depending on whether they use the true memory among the response alternatives. We depict the main techniques for each category, focusing on the benefits and drawbacks of each tool. We give particular attention to new lie detection technologies that exploit human–computer interactions for behavioral analysis, and their applications. Moreover, we present new paradigms and novel approaches for increasing liars' cognitive loads. Finally, we discuss methodological observations regarding the application of machine learning in lie detection research.