Chapter 16 - Cognitive Biases in Social Anxiety Disorder
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Scary in the eye of the beholder: Attentional bias and attentional retraining for social anxiety
2023, Journal of Psychiatric ResearchCitation Excerpt :The vigilance-avoidance hypothesis presumes that socially anxious people show early alertness and later avoidance of threatening cues (Dong et al., 2020). Our findings also support previous research reporting that attentional bias for socially threatening stimuli is characteristic of individuals with elevated levels of social anxiety (Boal et al., 2018; Heeren, Peschard, et al., 2012a; Kuckertz and Amir, 2014; Schmidtendorf et al., 2018). Previous researchers have used various attentional retraining techniques to help people with social anxiety overcome their anxiety by gaining more control over their bias (Carleton et al., 2015; Clarke et al., 2017; De Voogd et al., 2014; Heeren et al., 2016; Heeren, Reese, et al., 2012b; Kuckertz et al., 2019; Liang and Hsu, 2016; Naim et al., 2018).
Keep your (social) distance: Pathogen concerns and social perception in the time of COVID-19
2020, Personality and Individual DifferencesCitation Excerpt :At the behavioral level, individuals with SAD tend to be avoidant of social interactions such as meeting unfamiliar people, being observed, and performing in front of others (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Previous studies showed that individuals with SAD may have selective information-processing biases for threat-related information, and that they also tend to interpret ambiguous information as threatening (Kuckertz & Amir, 2014). Furthermore, there are indications that individuals with SAD are characterized by intolerance of uncertainty (Boelen & Reijntjes, 2009; Lange, Allart, Keijsers, Rinck, & Becker, 2012).
Biased estimations of interpersonal distance in non-clinical social anxiety
2020, Journal of Anxiety DisordersCitation Excerpt :Individuals with social anxiety are characterized by avoidance of social interactions, manifested by a preference for greater interpersonal distance – specifically from strangers (Asnaani, Rinck, Becker, & Hofmann, 2014; Perry, Rubinsten, Peled, & Shamay-Tsoory, 2013; Cohen, Perry, Mayseless, Kleinmintz, & Shamay-Tsoory, 2018; Clark & Wells, 1995). There is also evidence that social anxiety is accompanied by cognitive symptoms, including biases in attention (Bantin, Stevens, Gerlach, & Hermann, 2016; see review by Kuckertz & Amir, 2014), interpretation (Mobini, Reynolds, & Mackintosh, 2013; Spokas, Rodebaugh, & Heimberg, 2007), memory (Amir & Bomyea, 2011; Clark & Wells, 1995; Rapee & Heimberg, 1997; Yoon, Kutz, LeMoult, & Joormann, 2017;) and imagery (Ng, Abbott, & Hunt, 2014; (Brozovich & Heimberg, 2013; see review: Norton & Abbott, 2016). In a related vein, there is also evidence that individuals with social anxiety show biased estimations of social elements.
Using model fish to study the biological mechanisms of cooperative behaviour: A future for translational research concerning social anxiety disorders?
2018, Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological PsychiatryCitation Excerpt :In relation to the overall assessment of social environments, it has been proposed that SAD patients develop a dysfuctional stimulus-outcome expectancy, tending to focus on other people's evaluations of the patient's appearance, behaviour, and other self-identifying traits (Trower and Gilbert, 1989). Regarding the role of memory in SAD, there is intermittent evidence for memory biases for social threat-relevant information (Kuckertz and Amir, 2014). Deficits in attachment behaviour are not observed in SAD patients, which is a clear clinical distinction between SAD and autism or schizoid patients with social anxiety disorder; in this sense, the absence of changes in attachment when other distinctions arise, could represent a “negative control” in putative models.
Cognitive bias modification
2017, The Science of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy