Technetium-99m sestamibi tomography in patients with spontaneous chest pain: Correlations with clinical, electrocardiographic and angiographic findings☆
The sensitivity and specificity of technetium-99m hexakis-2-methoxy-2-isobutyl-isonitrile (sestamibi) single-photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) imaging for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease were studied in 45 patients admitted to the hospital for clinical suspicion of unstable angina. Only patients without prior myocardial infarction were included and all patients had technetium-99m sestamibi injection and a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) during and ≤4 h after an episode of chest pain. Coronary angiography performed in all patients during hospitalization showed significant coronary artery disease (≥250% luminal diameter reduction) in 26 of the 45 patients.
The SPECT studies obtained after injection of technetium-99m sestamibi during an episode of spontaneous chest pain showed a sensitivity of 96% for the detection of coronary artery disease; the 12-lead ECG obtained at the time of the injection had a sensitivity of 35%. With the patient in the pain-free state, respective sensitivity values were 65% and 38%. Specificity for the radionuclide study was 79% during pain and 84% in the pain-free state; for the ECG, it was 74% both during and between episodes of pain.
The site of the perfusion defect corresponded to the most severe coronary artery lesion in 88% of patients. The severity of the perfusion defect correlated with the extent of coronary artery disease: the defect score was 5.3 ± 3.3 with one-vessel disease, 4.9 ± 2.8 with two-vessel disease and 10.5 ± 5.0 with three-vessel disease (p < 0.01). Persistence of the perfusion defect in the pain-free state was associated with a larger initial defect (p < 0.05) and with involvement of the left anterior descending coronary artery (p < 0.05).
This study demonstrates a high accuracy of technetium-99m sestamibi SPECT studies for the detection of coronary disease and the identification of the involved coronary arteries in patients with spontaneous chest pain.
