Differences and variations in the patterns of early independent walking
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Cited by (38)
Early human motor development: From variation to the ability to vary and adapt
2018, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral ReviewsCitation Excerpt :Also the kinematic parameters indicate that increasing experience is associated with the selection of preferred patterns (Polk et al., 2008). An example is the increased selection of the heel-strike pattern - that characterizes adult gait - from the early repertoire of varied foot placements (Cioni et al., 1993). The processes of adaptive selection are accompanied by improved walking proficiency, i.e., a decrease in step width and increases in step length and walking velocity – changes that occur especially during the first three months of walking experience (Chang et al., 2006; Ledebt et al., 1995; Sutherland et al., 1988).
Toddler exposure to flame retardant chemicals: Magnitude, health concern and potential risk- or protective factors of exposure: Observational studies summarized in a systematic review
2017, ChemosphereCitation Excerpt :Furthermore, toddlers are at an increased risk of exposure because of their specific behavior, such as often being close to the floor while crawling and learning to walk, and putting hands and objects in their mouths (mouthing behavior) (Environmental Protection Agency, 2011). This specific risk heightening behavior does not apply to the entire toddlerhood period, which lasts from 1 to 3 years, as after 24 months toddlers have reduced mouthing behavior (Groot et al., 1998) and are able to walk independently (Cioni et al., 1993; Jeng et al., 2008). Besides the role of age and age related behavior, other factors may increase or decrease exposure.
Quantifying intra-limb coordination in walking of healthy children aged three to six
2016, Gait and PostureCitation Excerpt :The development lasts the whole period of childhood; regarding the walking experience, mature processes are classified into two stages: The first stage spans the first 5–6 months after a child starts to walk, leading to rapid changes in terms of kinematics and kinetics [1,2]. Hallemans [3] first reported that a more mature gait becomes evident after 4 months of independent walking and the “heel-to-toe” roll-over pattern was established [4].
Age for onset of walking and prewalking strategies
2013, Early Human DevelopmentAn exploration of symmetry in early autism spectrum disorders: Analysis of lying
2009, Brain and DevelopmentDevelopment of walking in preterm and term infants: Age of onset, qualitative features and sensitivity to resonance
2008, Gait and PostureCitation Excerpt :Only two studies have assessed the qualitative aspects of early walking movement in preterm infants. One showed poorer quality of walking movement in preterm infants as featured by greater gait width and poorer manoeuvrability [24]; whereas the other revealed no difference [22]. The discrepancy in these findings may be due to variation in sample characteristics (e.g., difference in gestational age and birth weight), definition of age of onset (difference in distance of walking), and assessment tool (video recording vs. free-field observation).