Brief reportSome methodological cautions in the use of the tolerance questionnaire☆
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Performance monitoring in nicotine dependence: Considering integration of recent reinforcement history
2017, Pharmacology Biochemistry and BehaviorCitation Excerpt :However retrospective assessment of dependence can be inaccurate due to problems with recall and bias. For this reason, we chose to match groups with respect to number of cigarettes smoked per day which has previously been found to account for a high degree of variance in dependence questionnaire scores (Heatherton et al., 1989; Lichtenstein and Mermelstein, 1986). The association between use and dependence is logical given that greater use is likely to increase dependence risk and greater dependence is likely to drive further use.
A comparison of three smokeless tobacco dependence measures
2012, Addictive BehaviorsCitation Excerpt :Among smokers, FTQ scores have been shown to significantly correlate with measures of carbon monoxide, nicotine, and cotinine, but the relation is less robust between FTQ scores and self-reported withdrawal symptoms (Fagerström & Schneider, 1989). The FTQ also displays relatively low internal consistency and reliability, and the item measuring time to first cigarette in the morning has been observed to correlate as well with other scales as the entire FTQ (Colby, Tiffany, Shiffman, & Niaura, 2000; Lichtenstein & Mermelstein, 1986; Shiffman, Waters, & Hickcox, 2004). The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) was developed to overcome limitations of the FTQ and excluded the questions on inhalation and nicotine content of cigarettes (Pomerleau, Carton, Lutzke, Flessland, & Pomerleau, 1994).
A comparison of the Autonomy over Tobacco Scale and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence
2012, Addictive BehaviorsCitation Excerpt :However, Moolchan et al. (2002) observed poor correlations between the FTND and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM), leading them to suggest that they do not measure the same aspects of addiction. Several authors have expressed concern regarding a lack of consensus on exactly what the Fagerström instruments measure (Haddock, Lando, Klesges, Talcott, & Renaud, 1999; Lichtenstein & Mermelstein, 1986; Pomerleau, Pomerleau, Majchrzak, Kloska, & Malakuti, 1990). Additionally, because they include measures of daily consumption, Fagerström instruments may not be optimal for cross-cultural comparisons where the affordability of tobacco differs markedly, or over time as tobacco prices change, or in comparisons between racial groups with different rates of nicotine metabolism (Perez-Stable, Herrera, Jacob, & Benowitz, 1998).
Validity and Reliability of Kano Test for Social Nicotine Dependence
2009, Annals of EpidemiologyComparing the validity of the Cigarette Dependence Scale and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence
2008, Drug and Alcohol Dependence
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Preparation of this report was supported by PHS Grant Numbers HL29547 awarded by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, and DA02314 awarded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Russel Glasgow for this thoughtful review of an earlier draft.