The interpersonal basis of psychiatric symptoms☆
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2022, Journal of Affective DisordersCitation Excerpt :In support of the multidimensionality structure, the present study validated MDAS, addressing the criticism of insufficient coverage of symptoms to measure the dimensionality of depression (Vares et al., 2015). This support for the interpersonal subscale is consistent with Horowitz and Vitkus (1986) who highlighted the importance of assessing interpersonal difficulties in measuring depression by postulating the relationship between interpersonal processes and interpersonal symptoms in depression. In particular, depressive symptomatology is a complex cluster of subjective experiences with interrelated cognitive, affective, and interpersonal components.
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2014, Journal of Research in PersonalityCitation Excerpt :The circumplex structure asserts that interpersonal problems (e.g., IPs) vary on a circular continuum and are orientated by the primary dimensions of agency (dominance versus submission) and communion (warmth versus hostility). Fig. 1 displays the circular ordering of the eight IPs presented by Horowitz and Vitkus (1986): domineering (i.e., too aggressive toward others), vindictive (i.e., wants to get revenge against others), cold (i.e., difficulty feeling close with others), socially avoidant (i.e., hard to socialize with others), nonassertive (i.e., finds it difficult to confront others), exploitable (i.e., taken advantage of by other people), nurturant (i.e., tries to please other people too much), and intrusive (i.e., has a hard time keeping things private; Alden, Wiggins, & Pincus, 1990; Horowitz et al., 2000). The circumplex structure suggests that the eight IP octants arranged around the circle can be conceptualized as different “blends” of the two main axes: agency and communion.
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The work reported in this paper was supported in part by Grant 1 R01 MH 40417-01 from the National Institute of Mental Health to the first author. The authors are indebted to the following individuals for their valuable comments and suggestions: Jess Ghannam, Ian Gotlib, Kristi Keil, Saul Rosenberg, and Nancy Shayer.