Stress- and treatment-induced elevations of cortisol levels associated with impaired declarative memory in healthy adults
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2022, PsychoneuroendocrinologyCitation Excerpt :In contrast, the magnitude of the induced cortisol levels in male participants, 30–90 min after the hydrocortisone administration, resembled the cortisol response endogenously released upon the experience of a moderate psychosocial stressor (such as the Trier Social Stress Test) or the everyday morning awakening response (Kirschbaum and Hellhammer, 1994; Kirschbaum et al., 1996; Kuhlmann et al., 2005b; van Ast et al., 2014; Rimmele et al., 2015). Interestingly, similarly higher cortisol levels after hydrocortisone administration have been reported only in studies including female participants (Kirschbaum et al., 1996; Kuhlmann and Wolf, 2005; Schilling et al., 2013; Fleischer et al., 2019), while moderate cortisol levels were found in studies with only-male samples (Tops et al., 2003; van Ast et al., 2013). In the present study, although there is a statistically significant difference in BMI between female and male participants, which could explain the observed difference in cortisol levels -as the same dose of hydrocortisone may induce higher cortisol levels in participants of lower BMI, BMI is not linked to the reported cortisol effects on memory, which probably depend on a more intricate interaction of the variables.
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