Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) modulates IL-1 bioactivity in human monocyte/macrophage cell lines
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Cannabinoid receptor 2 signal promotes type 2 immunity in the lung
2023, Cell InsightCannabinoids and psychotic symptoms: A potential role for a genetic variant in the P2X purinoceptor 7 (P2RX7) gene
2020, Brain, Behavior, and ImmunityCitation Excerpt :Monocytes were then incubated with 1 µM or 10 µM CBD (Sigma, USA), THC (Farmalyse, the Netherlands), or their ethanol carrier as control for 10 min, followed by different concentrations of ATP (Sigma, USA) for one hour. These concentrations were selected based on previous studies that analyzed the impact of cannabinoids on monocytes (Williams, 2014); (Shivers et al., 1994) . It is, however, important to note that only the higher concentration (10 µM) reflects physiological plasma concentrations of the peak concentration of cannabinoids after smoking marihuana (Ujváry and Hanuš, 2016); (Grotenhermen, 2003) .
The role of CB<inf>1</inf> in immune modulation by cannabinoids
2013, Pharmacology and TherapeuticsCitation Excerpt :The anti-inflammatory properties of CB1 antagonists could be related to the well-documented differential effect of cannabinoids on immune function, resulting in enhancement of immune function under certain conditions (Pross et al., 1992a, 1992b; Nakano et al., 1993; Derocq et al., 1995; Jbilo et al., 1999; Jan & Kaminski, 2001; Jan et al., 2002; Chen et al., 2012). Particularly relevant is that Δ9-THC has been shown to increase TNF-α production and IL-1 bioactivity in differentiated macrophages (Shivers et al., 1994). However, Mnich and colleagues also demonstrated that the mechanism by which CB1 antagonists are anti-inflammatory involves norepinephrine release from sympathetic nerve terminals in the spleen.
Neuroprotective agents: Cannabinoids
2012, Clinical ImmunologyCitation Excerpt :Most studies show that cannabinoids induce a Th2 shift [51]. IFN-γ and TNF-α production has been repeatedly found to be diminished by cannabinoids [52–56], although other experiments have reported the opposite effect on TNF-α [57,58]. In MS, the first study with oral Δ9-THC showed a modest increase of TNF-α in LPS-stimulated whole blood [59].
Anandamide and Δ<sup>9</sup>-tetrahydrocannabinol directly inhibit cells of the immune system via CB<inf>2</inf> receptors
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