Social comparison and smoking cessation: The role of the “typical smoker”☆
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Cited by (81)
The downside of tobacco control? Smoking and self-stigma: A systematic review
2015, Social Science and MedicineCitation Excerpt :Similarly, one study reported that participants in a smoking cessation program perceived themselves to have little in common with the “typical smoker.” Moreover, their image of a “typical smoker” became more negative over the course of the program, regardless of whether they were successful in quitting smoking (Gibbons et al., 1991). However, the vast majority of studies which addressed application of stereotypes to one's self overwhelmingly reported that participants felt shame, guilt, and embarrassment for their own smoking behavior.
Controlling the self: The role of the dorsal frontomedian cortex in intentional inhibition
2014, NeuropsychologiaCitation Excerpt :Interestingly, such distancing strategies do not appear to be used exclusively by children, but persist into adulthood. For example, while engaged in a smoking cessation program, smokers tend to initially psychologically distance themselves from their archetype of the typical smoker, until such time as they have successfully broken their habit (Gibbons, Gerrard, Lando, & McGovern, 1991). Likewise, in the realm of emotion suppression, it is well known that people employ specific reappraisal strategies, most notably distancing, when attempting to decrease their emotional response to stimuli (e.g., Gross, 1998; 1999).
Using the theory of planned behaviour and prototype willingness model to target binge drinking in female undergraduate university students
2011, Addictive BehaviorsCitation Excerpt :In this way, willingness explains how risk-taking behaviour can occur without the appropriate intentions. Prototype perceptions are images associated with the type of person who engages in a particular behaviour (Gibbons, Gerrard, Lando, & McGovern, 1991). Under the PWM, these images affect willingness to engage in the behaviour, and subsequently actual behavioural engagement.
Using the Prototype/Willingness model to predict smoking behaviour among Norwegian adolescents
2009, Addictive BehaviorsCitation Excerpt :A review of the motivational pathways to smoking supports this view; initiators tend to regard social motives as most important for their smoking-decisions, whereas personal motives have been shown to be most important when it comes to maintaining smoking (Baker, Brandon, & Chassin, 2004). Since the seminal paper of Leventhal & Cleary (1980), proposing that adolescents' smoking decisions are influenced by their smoking images, the relation between these images and smoking has been replicated numerous times (e.g., Amos, Gray, Currie, & Elton, 1997; Chassin, Presson, Sherman, Corty, & Olshavsky, 1981; Gerrard, Gibbons, Gano, Vande Lune, & Cleveland, 2005; Gibbons & Gerrard, 1997; Gibbons, Gerrard, Blanton, & Russell, 1998; Lloyd, Lucas, Holland, McGrellis, & Arnold, 1998; Mosbach & Leventhal, 1988; Rivis, Sheeran, & Armitage, 2006; Rugkåsa et al., 2001; Spijkerman, van den Eijnden, Vitale, & Engels, 2004; Stjerna, Lauritzen, & Tillgren, 2004) and empirically broadened to include smoking cessation (Gibbons & Eggleston, 1996; Gibbons, Gerrard, Lando, & McGovern, 1991), and smoking relapse (Gibbons & Eggleston, 1996; Gibbons, Eggleston, & Benthin, 1997). Findings indicate that adolescents, as well as adults, have clear images of what a “typical smoker” is like.
A dual-process approach to health risk decision making: The prototype willingness model
2008, Developmental Review
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This research was funded by Grant R01DA03950 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse and Grant BNS-8718691 from the National Science Foundation.