The social phobia and anxiety inventory: concurrent validity with a clinic sample

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Abstract

The Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory (SPAI) is an empirically derived self-report inventory developed as a specific measure of social phobia. The current investigation included two studies. The first examined the correlation of the SPAI with daily social behavior of a clinic sample of social phobics. The results indicated that the SPAI provides a reasonable indication of the distress experienced during daily social encounters in three dimensions: behavior, cognitions, and overall distress. The second study examined the validity of the SPAI with reference to the somatic response and avoidance behavior of social phobics. The results indicated that the somatic items of the SPAI are related to the somatic response of social phobics and that performance on the SPAI is associated with avoidance behavior in an anxiety-producing task.

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    This study addresses the factor structure of the SPAI, when all 109 questions are taken into consideration. The SPAI has shown excellent psychometric properties in both clinical and community samples (Turner et al., 1989a, 1996), including high reliability with adults and adolescents (a>0.85 for all subscales, Clark et al., 1994; Turner et al., 1989a), test-retest reliability and discriminant and convergent validity with other SA measures (Beidel et al., 1989; García-López et al., 2001; Herbert et al., 1991; Olivares et al., 2002; Osman et al., 1995, 1996; Rodebaugh et al., 2000). It has been found useful for assessing treatment outcome (Beidel et al., 1993; García-López et al., 2005), while international standardizations have yielded further evidence for its psychometric soundness and utility, e.g. its Dutch (Bögels and Reith, 1999), German, (Fydrich, 2002), Spanish (García-López et al., 2001), Chilean (Olivares et al., 2010) and other versions.

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    The SP subscale has demonstrated a very high internal consistency of .96 and a high 2-week test-retest reliability of .85. It has also demonstrated good discriminant validity (Beidel, Turner, Stanley, & Dancu, 1989), external validity (Beidel, Turner, et al., 1989), concurrent validity (Beidel, Turner, & Cooley, 1993), predictive validity (Beidel, Borden, Turner, & Jacob, 1989) and convergent validity (Herbert, Bellack, & Hope, 1991). Suggested cutoff scores on the SPAI are 34 for students and 60 for treatment-seeking samples (Turner et al., 1996).

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