The independent monitoring of form and scale factors in handwriting☆
References (20)
- et al.
Are movements prepared in parts? Not under compatible (naturalized) conditions
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General
(1980) An oscillation theory of handwriting
Gestalt psychology
(1951)Behavioral analysis movement
- et al.
The structure of motor programs
Reaction time analysis of programmed control
Exercise and Sports Sciences Reviews
(1977)How we control the contraction of our muscles
Scientific American
(1972)Human movement initiation: specification of arm, direction, and extent
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General
(1980)- Sanders, A.F., ‘Stage analysis of reaction processes’. In: G.E. Stelmach and J. Requin (eds.), Tutorials in motor...
Timing in the motor programming of typing
Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology
(1978)
Cited by (82)
The elaboration of motor programs for the automation of letter production
2018, Acta PsychologicaCitation Excerpt :Other studies confirmed this idea and it is widely admitted that a motor program encodes information on a whole letter (see Van Mier, Hulstijn, & Petersen, 1993). Van Galen and Teulings (1983) suggested three stages for adult – i.e., automatic – letter production. The first step to produce a letter requires that we activate its motor program.
Computer aided restoration of handwritten character strokes
2017, CAD Computer Aided DesignCitation Excerpt :Many models have been proposed in the last decades to study human movement in general and handwritten strokes in particular. The various classical models are based on neural networks (e.g., [25,26]), equilibrium point models (e.g., [27,28]), behavioral models (e.g., [29]), kinematic models (e.g., [30,31]), and models relying on minimization principals (e.g., [32–34]). For a comprehensive survey regarding such models see the introduction to the article [35].
Scale-invariant movement encoding in the human motor system
2014, NeuronCitation Excerpt :Handwriting is one of the most exciting achievements of the human motor system, requiring extreme dexterity and precision. A remarkable feature of handwriting is that the geometrical shape of an individual’s handwriting remains consistent across different scales and even when executed with different effectors (van Galen and Teulings, 1983; Raibert, 1977; Wright, 1990). These findings have been interpreted as evidence for a hierarchical organization of motor control (Bernstein, 1935; Georgopoulos, 1990; Wright, 1990) where movements are first planned according to their path/geometry and then translated into precise kinematics and dynamics (Viviani and Flash, 1995).
The learning of letter handwriting
2010, Psychologie FrancaiseThe effects of Chinese calligraphy handwriting and relaxation training in Chinese Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma patients: A randomized controlled trial
2010, International Journal of Nursing StudiesSize influence on shape of handwritten characters loops
2007, Forensic Science InternationalCitation Excerpt :Shape aspects of the loops were not identical between small and enlarged letters. Consequently, these results are in disagreement with principle of shape invariance through modifications in size, which is a part of the traditional approach explaining handwriting processes [6]. From another point of view, we observed that general construction mode of the loops was identical between small and enlarged loops for every writer; differences in shape were thus not caused by a different loop formation when increasing the size.
- ☆
This research was supported by Grant 15-32-06 from the Netherlands Organization for the Advancement of Pure Research (ZWO).
- ∗
Mailing address: G.P. van Galen, Dept. of Experimental Psychology, University of Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands.