Abstract
Student self-reports of resiliency and social-emotional internalizing problems were examined to determine intervention effects of a culturally adapted social and emotional learning (SEL) program. Data were analyzed from 20 culturally and linguistically diverse high school students who participated in a school-based 12-lesson SEL intervention and completed all data points (full pre, post, and follow-up). Participants were in grades 9 and 10 and included 16 male students. Students’ self reports of resiliency and internalizing symptoms were assessed before intervention, immediately after intervention, and at 2 months following the intervention. Statistically significant gains in self-reported resiliency immediately after intervention were obtained; furthermore, these gains in resiliency were maintained 2 months after the intervention. Reductions in students’ self-reported internalizing problems were not observed. Student reports of social validity suggest high levels of intervention acceptability and relevance for use with culturally and linguistic diverse high school students.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Achenbach, T. M. (1991). Manual for the youth self report and 1991 profile. Burlington: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry.
Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2001). Manual for the ASEBA school-age forms & profiles. Burlington: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, and Families.
Agresti, A., & Finlay, B. (2009). Statistical methods for the social sciences (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, Inc.
Albeg, L., Castro-Olivo, S., & Perry, V. (2010). The relationship between students’ mental health, acculturative stress and academic performance: a cross-cultural analysis. Presented at the annual convention of the National Association of School Psychology. Chicago, IL.
Begum, G., Arellano, E., Tung, C., Garcia, N., & Castro-Olivo, S. (2010). California healthy kids survey: implications for culturally sensitive interventions. Presented at the annual convention of the National Association of School Psychology. Chicago, IL.
Bernal, G., & Saez-Santiago, E. (2006). Culturally centered psychological interventions. Journal of Community Psychology, 34, 121–132.
Bernal, G., Bonilla, J., & Bedillo, C. (1995). Ecological validity and cultural sensitivity for outcome research: issues for the cultural adaptation and development of psychological treatments with Hispanics. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 23, 67–82.
Bernal, G., Jimenez-Chafey, M. I., & Domenech-Rodriguez, M. M. D. (2009). Cultural Adaptation of treatments: a resource for considering culture in evidence-based practice. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 40, 361–368.
Blanco-Vega, C. O., Castro Olivo, S. M., & Merrell, K. W. (2008). Social and emotional needs of Latino immigrant adolescents: an ecological model for developing planning and implementing culturally sensitive interventions. Journal of Latinos and Education, 1, 43–61.
CASEL (2012). Introduction to SEL. What is SEL?. Retrieved September 18, 2012 from http://casel.org/why-it-matters/what-is-sel/.
Castro-Olivo, S. (2010). One size does not fit all: adapting SEL programs for use in our multicultural world. In K. W. Merrell & B. A. Gueldner (Eds.), Social and emotional learning in the classroom: promoting mental health and academic success (pp. 83–102). New York: Guilford.
Castro-Olivo, S. (2014). The impact of a culturally adapted social-emotional learning program on ELL students’ resiliency outcomes. School Psychology Quarterly. doi:10.1037/spq0000055.
Castro-Olivo, S., & Merrell, K. W. (2012). Validating cultural adaptations of a school-based social-emotional learning programme for use with Latino immigrant adolescents. Advances in School Mental Health Promotion, iFirst article, 1–15.
Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group. (2010). The effects of a multiyear universal social-emotional learning program: the role of student and school characteristics. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78, 156–168.
DHHS (2001). Mental health: culture, race, ethnicity—supplement to mental health (Report of the surgeon general).Retrieved from http://www.mentalhealth.org/cre/default.asp.
Durlak, J. A., Weissberg, R. P., Dymnicki, A. B., Taylor, R. D., & Schellinger, K. B. (2011). The impact of enhancing students’ social and emotional learning: a meta-analysis of school-based universal interventions. Child Development, 82, 405–432.
Epstein, M. H. (2004). Behavioral and emotional rating scale, 2nd edition: examiner’s manual. Austin: Pro-Ed, Inc.
Feuerborn, L. L. (2004). Promoting emotional resiliency through classroom instruction: the effects of a classroom-based prevention program. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Oregon, Eugene.
Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligence. New York: Bantam.
Gonzales, N. A., & Kim, L. S. (1997). Stress and coping in an ethnic minority context. In S. A. Wolchik & I. N. Sandler (Eds.), Handbook of children’s coping: linking theory and intervention (pp. 481–511). New York: Plenum Press.
Gresham, F. M. (2002). Teaching social skills to high risk youth. In M. Shinn, G. Stoner, & H. M. Walker (Eds.), Interventions for academic and behavior problems II: preventive and remedial approaches (pp. 403–432). Bethesda: National Association of School Psychologists.
Gresham, F. M., & Elliott, S. N. (1990). Social skills rating system test manual. Circle Pines: American Guidance Service.
Griner, D., & Smith, T. (2006). Culturally adapted mental health interventions: a meta-analytic review. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 43, 531–548.
Gueldner, B. A., & Merrell, K. W. (2011). Evaluation of a social-emotional learning intervention using performance feedback to teachers in a structured consultation model. Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation, 21, 1–27.
Harlacher, J. E. (2008). Social and emotional learning as a universal level of support: evaluating the follow-up effect of strong kids on social and emotional outcomes. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Oregon, Eugene.
Harlacher, J. E., & Merrell, K. W. (2010). Social and emotional learning as a universal level of student support: evaluating the follow-up effect of strong kids on social and emotional outcomes. Journal of Applied School Psychology, 26, 212–229.
Huey, S. J., & Polo, A. J. (2008). Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for ethnic minority youth. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 37(1), 262–301. doi:10.1080/15374410701820174.
Isava, D. M. (2006). An investigation of the impact of a social-emotional learning curriculum on problem symptoms and knowledge gains among adolescents in a residential treatment center. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Oregon, Eugene.
Jones, S. M., Brown, J. L., Hoglund, W. L. G., & Aber, J. L. (2010). A school-randomized clinical trial of an integrated social-emotional learning and literacy intervention: impacts after 1 school year. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78, 829–842.
Jones, S. M., Brown, J. L., & Aber, J. L. (2011). Two-year impacts of a universal school-based social-emotional and literacy intervention: an experiment in translational developmental research. Child Development, 0, 1–22.
Kusche, C. A., & Greenberg, M. T. (1995). The PATHS curriculum. Seattle: Developmental Research and Programs.
Lopez, S. J., Edwards, L. M., Teramoto Pedrotti, J. T., Ito, A., & Rasmussen, H. N. (2002). Culture counts: examinations of recent applications of the Penn resiliency program or toward a rubric for examining cultural appropriateness of prevention programming. Prevention & Treatment, 5 (No Pagination Specified) Article 12.
Marchant, M., Brown, M., Caldarella, P., & Young, E. (2010). Effects of Strong Kids curriculum on students with internalizing behaviors: a pilot study. Journal of Evidence-Based Practices for Schools, 11(2), 123–143.
McCombs, B. L. (2004). The learner-centered psychological principles: a framework for balancing academic achievement and social-emotional learning outcomes. In J. Zins, R. Weissberg, M. Wang, & H. Walberg (Eds.), Building academic success on social and emotional learning (pp. 23–39). New York: Teachers College Press.
Merrell, K. W. (2010). Linking prevention science and social and emotional learning: the Oregon resiliency project. Psychology in the Schools, 47, 55–68.
Merrell, K. W., Carrizales, D., Feuerborn, L., Gueldner, B. A., & Tran, O. K. (2007). Strong Kids: a social and emotional learning curriculum for students in grades 3–5. Baltimore: Brookes.
Merrell, K. W., Juskelis, M. P., Tran, O. K., & Buchanan, R. (2008). Social and emotional learning in the classroom: impact of Strong Kids and Strong Teens on students’ social- emotional knowledge and symptoms. Journal of Applied School Psychology, 24, 209–224.
Messick, S. (1980). Test validity and the ethics of assessment. American Psychologist, 35, 1012–1027.
Nakayama, N. J. (2008). An investigation of the impact of the Strong Kids curriculum on social- emotional knowledge and symptoms of elementary aged students in a self-contained special education setting. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Oregon, Eugene.
Plotts, C. A., & Lasser, J. (2013). School psychologist as counselor: a practitioner’s handbook. Bethesda: NASP Publication.
Rounsaville, B. J., Carroll, K. M., & Onken, L. S. (2001). A stage model of behavioral therapies research: getting started and moving on from stage I. Clinical Psychology, 8(2), 133–142.
Skiba, R. J., Horner, R. H., Chung, C., Rausch, M. K., May, S. L., & Tobin, T. (2011). Race is not neutral: a national investigation of African American and Latino disproportionality in school discipline. School Psychology Review, 40, 85–107.
Smith, T. B., Rodríguez, M. D. & Bernal, G. (2011). Culture. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 67, 166–175.
Suarez-Orozco, C., & Suarez-Orozco, M. M. (2001). Children of immigration. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Tran, O. K. (2007). Promoting social and emotional learning in schools: an investigation of massed versus distributed practice schedules and social validity of the Strong Kids curriculum in late elementary aged students. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Oregon, Eugene.
Vincent, C. G., & Tobin, T. J. (2010). The relationship between implementation of School-Wide Positive Behavior Support (SWPBS) and disciplinary exclusion of students from various ethnic backgrounds with and without disabilities. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 19, 217–232.
Wolfe, M. M. (1978). Social validity: the case for subjective measurement or how applied behavior analysis is finding its heart. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 11(2), 203–214.
Zins, J. E., Bloodworth, M. R., Weissberg, R. P., & Walberg, H. J. (2004). Building academic success on social and emotional learning: what does the research say? Danvers: Teachers College, Columbia University.
Acknowledgments
This project was funded in part by a faculty seed grant awarded to the second author by the University of California All Campus Consortium on Research for Diversity (UC/ACCORD).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Cramer, K.M., Castro-Olivo, S. Effects of a Culturally Adapted Social-Emotional Learning Intervention Program on Students’ Mental Health. Contemp School Psychol 20, 118–129 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40688-015-0057-7
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40688-015-0057-7