Abstract
The flipped classroom educational model proposes that students will achieve higher order and deeper levels of learning if they work collaboratively during class to apply what they know. However, medical students decline to participate in flipped classroom activities if they perceive that studying alone will be equally efficient in terms of learning. Unfortunately, institutional policies and practices can challenge the ability of medical educators to hold students accountable for attending and engaging in class. As a result, flipped classroom activities must be designed with care, and both the classroom activities and subsequent assessments must challenge students’ higher-order thinking skills.
References
Bergmann J, Sams A. Flip your classroom: reach every student in every class every day. Eugene, OR; Alexandria, VA: International Society for Technology in Education; ASCD; 2012.
Khan S. The one world schoolhouse: education reimagined. London: Hodder & Stoughton; 2012.
Roehl A, Reddy SL, Shannon GJ. The flipped classroom: an opportunity to engage millennial students through active learning strategies. J Fam Cons Sci. 2013;105(2):44–9.
Strayer JF. How learning in an inverted classroom influences cooperation, innovation and task orientation. Learn Environm Res. 2012;15(2):171–93.
Critz CM, Knight D. Using the flipped classroom in graduate nursing education. Nurs Educ. 2013;38(5):210–3.
Ferreri SP, O'Connor SK. Redesign of a large lecture course into a small-group learning course. Am J Pharm Educ. 2013;77(1):1–9.
Prober CG, Heath C. Lecture halls without lectures—a proposal for medical education. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(18):1657–9.
Freeman S, Eddy SL, McDonough M, et al. Active learning increases student performance in science, engineering and mathematics. National Acad Sci. 2014;111(23):8410–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.1319030111.
Deslauriers L, Schelew E, Wieman C. Improved learning in a large-enrollment physics class. Science. 2011;332(6031):862–4.
Means B, Toyama Y, Murphy R, et al. Evaluation of evidence-based practices in online learning: a meta-analysis and review of online learning studies. US Department of Education. 2009. http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED505824.pdf. Accessed November 18, 2013.
McLaughlin JE, Griffin LM, Esserman DA, et al. Pharmacy student engagement, performance, and perception in a flipped satellite classroom. Am J Pharm Educ. 2013;77(9):196.
McLaughlin JE, Roth MT, Glatt DM, et al. The flipped classroom: a course redesign to foster learning and engagement in a health professions school. Acad Med. 2014;89(2):236–43.
Mehta NB, Hull AL, Young JB, Stoller JK. Just imagine: new paradigms for medical education. Acad Med. 2013;88(10):1418–23.
Prober CG, Khan S. Medical education reimagined: a call to action. Acad Med. 2013;88(10):1407–10.
Greenberg L. In reply to Kalmey. Acad Med. 2013;88(8):1054.
Greenberg L. More about medical students' attendance at lectures. Acad Med. 2013;88(2):149.
Kalmey JK. Stop wasting classroom time: embrace the podcast and use the "lecture" to enhance learning. Acad Med. 2013;88(8):1054.
Kanter SL. To be there or not to be there: is attendance really the question? Acad Med. 2012;87(6):679.
White C, Bradley E, Martindale J, Roy P, Patel K, Yoon M, et al. Why are students "checking out" of active learning in a new curriculum? Med Educ. 2014;48:315–24.
Pierce R, Fox J. Vodcasts and active-learning exercises in a "flipped classroom" model of a renal pharmacotherapy module. Am J Pharm Educ. 2012;76(10):1–5.
Marcey DJ, Brint ME. Transforming an undergraduate introductory biology course through cinematic lectures and inverted classes: a preliminary assessment of the CLIC model of the flipped classroom. NABT Biol Educ Res Sym. 2012;12:1–9.
Tune JD, Sturek M, Basile DP. Flipped classroom model improves graduate student performance in cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal physiology. Adv Physiol Educ. 2013;37(4):316–20.
Schwartz TA. Flipping the statistics classroom in nursing education. J Nurs Educ. 2014;53(4):1–8.
Jensen JL, Lawson A. Effects of collaborative group composition and inquiry instruction on reasoning gains and achievement in undergraduate biology. CBE-Life Sci Educ. 2011;10(1):64–73.
Missildine K, Fountain R, Summers L, Gosselin K. Flipping the classroom to improve student performance and satisfaction. J Nurs Educ. 2013;52(10):1–3.
Flipped classroom field guide. Coursera Web site. http://www.cvm.umn.edu/facstaff/prod/groups/cvm/@pub/@cvm/@facstaff/documents/content/cvm_content_454476.pdf. Accessed June 30, 2014.
Cilliers FJ, Schuwirth LW, Herman N, Adendorff HJ, van der Vleuten CP. A model of the pre-assessment learning effects of summative assessment in medical education. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract. 2012;17(1):39–53.
Funding/Support
None
Conflict of Interest
None
Ethical Approval
The University of Virginia Institutional Review Board approved this study (2013-0072-00 and 2012-0168-00.)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
White, C., McCollum, M., Bradley, E. et al. Challenges to Engaging Medical Students in a Flipped Classroom Model. Med.Sci.Educ. 25, 219–222 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-015-0125-7
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-015-0125-7