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Perceived Racial/Ethnic Discrimination and Mental Health: a Review and Future Directions for Social Epidemiology

  • Social Epidemiology (A Aiello, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Recent literature on racial or ethnic discrimination and mental health was reviewed to assess the current science and identify key areas of emphasis for social epidemiology. Objectives of this review were to (1) determine whether there have been advancements in the measurement and analysis of perceived discrimination, (2) identify the use of theories and/or frameworks in perceived discrimination and mental health research, and (3) assess the extent to which stress buffers are being considered and evaluated in the existing literature.

Recent Findings

Metrics and analytic approaches used to assess discrimination remain largely unchanged. Theory and/or frameworks such as the stress and coping framework continue to be underused in majority of the studies. Adolescents and young adults experiencing racial/ethnic discrimination were at greater risk of adverse mental health outcomes, and the accumulation of stressors over the life course may have an aggregate impact on mental health. Some growth seems evident in studies examining the mediation and moderation of stress buffers and other key factors with the findings suggesting a reduction in the effects of discrimination on mental health.

Summary

Discrimination scales should consider the multiple social identities of a person, the context where the exposure occurs, how the stressor manifests specifically in adolescents, the historical traumas, and cumulative exposure. Life course theory and intersectionality may help guide future work. Despite existing research, gaps remain in elucidating the effects of racial and ethnic discrimination on mental health, signaling an opportunity and a call to social epidemiologists to engage in interdisciplinary research to speed research progress.

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Author notes

  1. Julia Ward, Evette Cordoba, and Kristin Black equally contributed to this manuscript in collaboration with the first author Anissa Vines. We would like to acknowledge in the manuscript that Julia Ward, Evette Cordoba, and Kristin Black are collectively and equally the second authors of this paper.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 266 Rosenau Hall, CB #7435, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA

    Anissa I. Vines, Julia B. Ward & Evette Cordoba

  2. Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB #7440, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7440, USA

    Kristin Z. Black

Authors
  1. Anissa I. Vines
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  2. Julia B. Ward
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  3. Evette Cordoba
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  4. Kristin Z. Black
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Correspondence to Anissa I. Vines.

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Anissa I. Vines, Julia B. Ward, Evette Cordoba, and Kristin Z. Black each declare no potential conflicts of interest.

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This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Social Epidemiology

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Vines, A.I., Ward, J.B., Cordoba, E. et al. Perceived Racial/Ethnic Discrimination and Mental Health: a Review and Future Directions for Social Epidemiology. Curr Epidemiol Rep 4, 156–165 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40471-017-0106-z

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