Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

The effect of rebound exercise and treadmill walking on the quality of life for patients with non-insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes

  • Original Article
  • Published:
International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Patients often require rehabilitation following complications or co-morbidities associated with diabetes. Exercise is recommended for glycemic control in diabetic patients but they do not engage in physical activities due to fatigue or fear of worsening their condition resulting in poor quality of life (QoL). Treadmill activities and rebound exercise on a mini-trampoline are used for cardio-respiratory and general fitness but their effect on the QoL in non-insulin dependent type 2 diabetes patients (T2D) has not been determined. This study was designed to compare the effect of moderate intensity rebound exercise and treadmill walking on the QoL of T2D patients. One hundred and fifty patients were randomized equally into control, rebound or treadmill group and received hypoglycemic medication and diabetic counseling. The control group did not engage in exercise, rebound group bounced or jumped on a mini-trampoline and treadmill group walked on a treadmill at 40-60 % of heart rate maximum (220-age) for 20-30 minutes, 3 times per week for 12 weeks. QoL using the SF-36 questionnaire was assessed pre-and post-interventions. Results showed a drop out of 6(12 %) control; 11(22 %) rebound and 13(26 %) treadmill groups respectively. There were significant improvements in all domains post-rebound exercise (P <0.05); treadmill walking showed significant improvements in all but vitality and role emotion (P > 0.05) and control a significant decline in vitality and mental health (P < 0.05). Rebound exercise and treadmill walking can be used to improve QoL for T2D patients and possibly reduce the side effects and co-morbidities associated with diabetic medication and diabetes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Harris MI, Zimmet P. Classification of diabetes mellitus and other categories of glucose intolerance. In: Alberti KGMN, Zimmet P, DeFronzo RA, editors. International Textbook of Diabetes Mellitus. 2nd ed. London: Wiley, Ltd; 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  2. González EL, Johansson S, Wallander MA, Rodríguez LA. Trends in the prevalence and incidence of diabetes in the UK: 1996-2005. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2009;63:332–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Roglic G, Unwin N. Mortality attributable to diabetes: estimates for the year 2010. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2010;87:15–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Javanbakht M, Baradaran HR, Mashayekhi A, Haghdoost AA, Khamseh ME, Kharazmi E, et al. Cost-of-illness analysis of type 2 diabetes Mellitus in Iran. PLoS One. 2011;6:e26864.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Zimmet P, Alberti KGM. Global and societal implications of the diabetes epidemic. Nature. 2001;414:782–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Motala AA, Omar MAK, Pirie FJ. Epidemiology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in Africa. J Cardiovasc Risk. 2003;10:77–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Engelgau MM, Geiss LS, Saaddine JB, Boyle JP, Benjamin SM, Gregg EW, et al. The evolving diabetes burden in the United States. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140:945–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H. Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care. 2004;27:1047–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Chan JC, Malik V, Jia W, Kadowaki T, Yajnik CS, Yoon KH, et al. Diabetes in Asia; epidemiology, risk factors, and pathophysiology. JAMA. 2009;301:2129–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Colagiuri S. Diabesity: therapeutic options. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2010;12:463–73.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Polonsky WH. Emotional and quality-of-life aspects of diabetes management. Curr Diab Rep. 2002;2:153–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Al-Shehri AH, Taha AZ, Bahnassy AA, Salah M. Health-related quality of life in type 2 diabetic patients. Ann Saudi Med. 2008;28:352–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Hahl J, Hamalainen H, Sintonen H, Simell T, Arinen S, Simell O. Health related quality of life in type 1 diabetes without or with symptoms of long-term complications. Qual Life Res. 2002;11:427–36.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Ardito SQ, Bestetti RB, Cardinalli-Neto A, Otaviano AP, Nogueira PR. Chronic renal impairment in patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy with chronic systolic heart failure: prevalence and prognostic significance. Int J Cardiol. 2011;152:133–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Joshi V, Mooppil N, Lim J. Validation of the Kidney Disease Quality of Life-Short Form: a cross-sectional study of a dialysis-targeted health measure in Singapore. BMC Nephrol. 2010;11:36.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. American Diabetes Association. Executive summary: standards of medical care in diabetes-2010. Diabetes Care. 2010;33 Suppl 1:S4–10.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Rubin R, Peyrot M. Quality of life and diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 1999;15:205–18.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Kriska AM, Saremi A, Hanson RL, et al. Physical activity, obesity and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in a high risk population. Am J Epidemiol. 2003;158:669–75.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Nakawatase Y, Taru C, Tsutou A, et al. Development of an evaluation scale for self-management behavior related to physical activity of type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 2007;30:2843–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Jensen J, Rustad PI, Kolnes AJ, Lai Y. The role of skeletal muscle glycogen breakdown for regulation of insulin sensitivity by exercise. Front Physiol. 2011;2:112.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Boule NG, Haddad E, Wells GA, Sigal RJ. Effects of exercise on glycemic control and body mass in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. JAMA. 2001;286:1218–27.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Fortuin NJ, Weiss JL. Exercise stress testing. Circulation. 1977;56:699–712.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Kisan R, Kisan SR, Anitha OR, Chandrakala SP. Treadmill and bicycle ergometer exercise: cardiovascular response comparison. Global J Med Res. 2012;2:5.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Myers JN, McVay A, Brashear R, et al. Exercise training and quality of life in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2013;36:1884–90.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Carter AE. The new miracles of rebound exercise. New York: Nature Distributors; 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Walker M. Jumping for health: a guide to rebounding aerobics. New York: Avery Publishing Group Inc.; 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Eager D, Chapman C, Bondoc K. Characterisation of trampoline bounce using acceleration. 7th Australasian Congress on Applied Mechanics, ACAM 7, 9-12 December 2012, Adelaide, Australia.

  28. Sukala WR, Page RA, Rowlands DS, Lys I, et al. Exercise intervention in New Zealand Polynesian people with type 2 diabetes: cultural considerations and clinical trial recommendations. Aust Med J. 2012;5:429–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Jacobson AM, De Groot M, Samson JA. The evaluation of two measures of quality of life in patients with type I and type II diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1994;17:267–74.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Jenkinson C, Coulter A, Wright L. Short form 36 (SF 36) health survey questionnaire: normative data for adults of working age. Br Med J. 1993;306:1437–40.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Polonsky WH, Anderson BJ, Lohrer PA, Alan M, Jacobson AM, et al. Assessment of diabetes-related distress. Diabetes Care. 1995;18:754–60.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. McDowell I, Newell C. General health status and quality of life. In: Measuring health: a guide to rating scales and questionnaires. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1996.

  33. Klevsgård R, Fröberg B-L, Risberg B. Nottingham health profile and short-form 36 health survey questionnaires in patients with chronic lower limb ischaemia: before and after revascularization. J Vasc Surg. 2002;36:310–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Maruish ME. User’s manual for the SF-36v2 Health Survey. 3rd ed. Lincoln: Quality Metric, Inc.; 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  35. American Thoracic Society. The six minute walking test. Am J Resp Crit Care Med. 2002;166:111–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. McInnis KJ, Balady GJ. Comparison of submaximal exercise responses using the Bruce versus Bruce protocols. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1994;26 Suppl 1:103–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Karvonen MJ, Kentale E, Mustala O. The effects of training on heart rate: a longitudinal study. Ann Med Exp Biol Fenn. 1957;35:307–15.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Lim PO, MacFayden RJ, Clarkson PB, MacDonald TM. Impaired exercise tolerance in hypertensive patients. Ann Intern Med. 1996;124:41–55.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Rowland TW, Staab JS, Unnithan VB. Mechanical efficiency during cycling in prepubertal and adult males. Int J Sports Med. 1990;11:452–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Shapiro SS, Francia RS. An approximate analysis of variance test for normality. J Am Stat Assoc. 1972;67:215–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Testa MA, Simonson DC. Assessment of quality of life outcomes. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:835–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Rubin RR. Facilitating self-care in people with diabetes. Diabetes Spectrosc. 2001;14:55–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Dunn AL, Trivedi MH, O’Neal HA. Physical activity dose-response effects on outcomes of depression and anxiety. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;333 Suppl 6:S587–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Garvey WT, Maianu L, Zhu JH, et al. Evidence in the defects in the trafficking and translocation of GLUT 4 glucose transporters in skeletal muscle as the cause of human insulin resistance. J Clin Invest. 1998;101:2377–86.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Reid RD, Tulloch HE, Sigal RJ, et al. Effects of aerobic exercise, resistance exercise or both, on patient-reported health status and well-being in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized trial. Diabetologia. 2010;53:632–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Stys AM, Kulkarni K. Identification of self-care behaviours and adoption of lifestyle changes result in sustained glucose control and reduction in co-morbidities in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Spectr. 2007;20(1):55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Colberg SR. Encouraging patients to be physically active: what busy practitioners need to know (practical pointers). Diabetes Care. 2008;26(3):123.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Bauer TA, Reusch JE, Levi M, Regensteiner JG. Skeletal muscle de-oxygenation after the onset of moderate exercise suggests slowed micro-vascular blood flow kinetics in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2007;30:2880–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors extend their appreciation to the patients who participated in this study and the medical, rehabilitation, and support staff of the Physiotherapy Department at the Murtala Mohammed Specialist Hospital.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest related to this article.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiotherapy, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, South Africa

    Sonill S. Maharaj

  2. Department of Physiotherapy, Bayero University, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria

    Jibril M. Nuhu

Authors
  1. Sonill S. Maharaj
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jibril M. Nuhu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sonill S. Maharaj.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Maharaj, S.S., Nuhu, J.M. The effect of rebound exercise and treadmill walking on the quality of life for patients with non-insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 35 (Suppl 2), 223–229 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13410-015-0350-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13410-015-0350-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation