Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Association between glutathione S-transferases M1 and T1 gene polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Tumor Biology

Abstract

Genetic polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferases M1 (GSTM1) and T1 (GSTT1) genes have been widely reported and considered to have a significant effect on prostate cancer (PCa) risk, but the results are inconsistent. To evaluate the impact of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphism on PCa risk, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis based on 18 eligible studies. A total of 18 studies, including 7,119 subjects for GSTM1 and 6,454 subjects for GSTT1 between 1999 and 2012 were identified through researching MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature database. A meta-analysis was performed to obtain summary-estimated odd ratios and 95 % confidence intervals of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms for PCa, with attention to study quality and publication bias. Overall, there is a significant association between GSTM1 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.407, 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) = 1.147–1.727, I 2 = 73.2 %, P = 0.001) genotypes and PCa susceptibility. Significant associations were also observed in subgroups of Caucasian populations (OR = 1.262, 95 % CI = 1.055–1.511, I 2 = 48.7 %, P = 0.011) and Asian populations (OR = 1.776, 95 % CI = 1.134–2.781, I 2 = 83.4 %, P = 0.012). However, no significant association was found (OR = 1.776, 95 % CI = 1.134–2.781, P = 0.243) in African-American populations when stratified by ethnicity. While, there was no significant association seen between GSTT1 (OR = 1.003, 95 % CI = 0.823–1.298, I 2 = 68.8 %, P = 0.778) genotypes and PCa risk. However, no significant associations were observed in subgroups of Caucasian populations (OR = 1.086, 95 % CI = 0.801–1.471, I 2 = 72.1 %, P = 0.597) and Asian populations (OR = 0.961, 95 % CI = 0.644–1.434, I 2 = 73.0 %, P = 0.846), and similar result was found among African-American populations (OR = 0.802, 95 % CI = 0.194–3.321, P = 0.761) when stratified by ethnicity. Our results suggest that the GSTM1 gene polymorphism contributes to PCa susceptibility, while GSTT1 gene polymorphism is not associated with PCa in our study.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Hsing AW, Tsao L, Devesa SS. International trends and patterns of prostate cancer incidence and mortality. Int J Cancer. 2000;85:60–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Jemal A, Siegel R, Xu J, Ward E. Cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin. 2010;60:277–300.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Siegel R, Ward E, Brawley O, Jemal A. Cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin. 2011;61:212–36.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Autrup JL, Thomassen LH, Olsen JH, Wolf H, Autrup H. Glutathione S-transferases as risk factors in prostate cancer. Eur J Cancer Prev. 1999;8:525–832.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Kote-Jarai Z, Easton D, Edwards SM, Jefferies S, Durocher F, Jackson RA, et al. Relationship between glutathione S-transferase M1, P1 and T1 polymorphisms and early onset prostate cancer. Pharmacogenetics. 2001;11:325–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Medeiros R, Vasconcelos A, Costa S, Pinto D, Ferreira P, Lobo F, et al. Metabolic susceptibility genes and prostate cancer risk in a southern European population: the role of glutathione S-transferases GSTM1, GSTM3, and GSTT1 genetic polymorphisms. Prostate. 2004;58:414–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Joseph MA, Moysich KB, Freudenheim JL, Shields PG, Bowman ED, Zhang Y, et al. Ambrosone cruciferous vegetables, genetic polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferases m1 and t1, and prostate cancer risk. Nutr Cancer. 2004;50:206–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Komiya Y, Tsukino H, Nakao H, Kuroda Y, Imai H, Katoh T. Human glutathione S-transferase A1, T1, M1, and P1 polymorphisms and susceptibility to prostate cancer in the Japanese population. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2005;131:238–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Caceres DD, Iturrieta J, Acevedo C, Huidobro C, Varela N, Quinones L. Relationship among metabolizing genes, smoking and alcohol used as modifier factors on prostate cancer risk: exploring some gene–gene and gene–environment interactions. Eur J Epidemiol. 2005;20:79–88.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Guan TY, Li M, Na YQ. Polymorphism of metabolic gene and genetic susceptibility to prostate cancer. Chin J Surg. 2005;43:1467–70.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Lai MT, Chen RH, Tsai FJ, Wan L, Chen WC. Glutathione S-transferase M1 gene but not insulin-like growth factor-2 gene or epidermal growth factor gene is associated with prostate cancer. Urol Oncol. 2005;23:225–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Agalliu I, Langeberg WJ, Lampe JW, Salinas CA, Stanford JL. Glutathione S-transferase M1, T1, and P1 polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk in middle-aged men. Prostate. 2006;66:146–56.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Lavender NA, Benford ML, VanCleave TT, Brock GN, Kittles RA, Moore JH, et al. Examination of polymorphic glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes, tobacco smoking and prostate cancer risk among men of African descent: a case–control study. BMC Cancer. 2009;9:397.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Sivoňová M, Waczulíková I, Dobrota D, Matáková T, Hatok J, Račay P, et al. Polymorphisms of glutathione-S-transferase M1, T1, P1 and the risk of prostate cancer: a case–control study. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2009;28:32–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Souiden Y, Mahdouani M, Chaieb K, Elkamel R, Mahdouani K. Polymorphisms of glutathione-S-transferase M1 and T1 and prostate cancer risk in a Tunisian population. Cancer Epidemiol. 2010;34:598–603.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Ansari SB, Vasudevan R, Bakhshi A, Mirinargesi M, Patimah I, Sabariah AR, et al. Analysis of glutathione S-transferase (M1, T1 and P1) gene polymorphisms in Iranian prostate cancer subjects. Afr J Biotechnol. 2010;9(43):7230–5.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Kumar V, Yadav CS, Datta SK, Singh S, Ahmed RS, Goel S, et al. Association of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphism with lipid peroxidation in benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer: a pilot study. Dis Markers. 2011;30:163–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Safarinejad MR, Shafiei N, Safarinejad SH. Glutathione S-transferase gene polymorphisms (GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1) and prostate cancer: a case–control study in Tehran, Iran. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2011;14:105–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Ashtiani ZO, Hasheminasab SM, Ayati M, Goulian BS, Modarressi MH. Are GSTM1, GSTT1 and CAG repeat length of androgen receptor gene polymorphisms associated with risk of prostate cancer in Iranian patients? Pathol Oncol Res. 2011;17:269–75.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Kwon DD, Lee JW, Han DY, Seo IY, Park SC, Jeong HJ, et al. Relationship between the glutathione-S-transferase P1, M1, and T1 genotypes and prostate cancer risk in Korean subjects. Korean J Urol. 2011;52:247–52.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Thakur H, Gupta L, Sobti RC, Janmeja AK, Seth A, Singh SK. Association of GSTM1T1 genes with COPD and prostate cancer in north Indian population. Mol Biol Rep. 2011;38:1733–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Mo Z, Gao Y, Cao Y, Gao F, Jian L. An updating meta-analysis of the GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 polymorphisms and prostate cancer: a HuGE review. Prostate. 2009;69:662–88.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Mittal RD, Kesarwani P, Singh R, Ahirwar D, Mandhani A. GSTM1, GSTM3 and GSTT1 gene variants and risk of benign prostate hyperplasia in North India. Dis Markers. 2009;26:85–91.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Konwar R, Manchanda PK, Chaudhary P, Nayak VL, Singh V, Bid HK. Glutathione S-transferase gene variants and risk of benign prostate hyperplasia in a North Indian population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2010;11(2):365–70.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Konwar R, Manchanda PK, Chaudhary P, Nayak VL, Singh V, Bid HK. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene variants and risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a report in a North Indian population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2010;11(4):1067–72.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Wei BB, Xu ZQ, Zhou Y, Ruan J, Cheng H, Xi B, et al. Association of GSTM1 null allele with prostate cancer risk: evidence from 36 case–control studies. PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e46982.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Ntais C, Polycarpou A, Ioannidis JPA. Association of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms with the risk of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. 2011;14(1):176–81.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Zintzaras E, Ioannidis JP. HEGESMA: genome search meta-analysis and heterogeneity testing. Bioinformatics. 2005;21:3672–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ. 2003;327:557–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Lau J, Ioannidis JP, Schmid CH. Quantitative synthesis in systematic reviews. Ann Intern Med. 1997;127:820–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Zintzaras E, Chatzoulis DZ, Karabatsas CH, Stefanidis I. The relationship between C677T methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphism and retinopathy in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. J Hum Genet. 2005;50:267–75.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Begg CB, Mazumdar M. Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias. Biometrics. 1994;50:1088–101.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ. 1997;315:629–34.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Fleiss JL, Tytun A, Uray HK. A simple approximation for calculating sample size for comparing independent proportions. Biometrics. 1980;36:343–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Warholm M, Guthenberg C, Mannervik B. Molecular and catalytic properties of glutathione transferase mu from human liver: an enzyme efficiently conjugating epoxides. Biochemistry.1983;22(15):3610–17.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We thank all authors of primary studies included in our meta-analyses. There was no funding support.

Conflicts of interest

None

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, 300211, China

    Qiliang Cai, Zhun Wang, Zhiqun Shang, Ning Jiang, Jing Tian & Yuanjie Niu

  2. The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China

    Wei Zhang

  3. Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China

    Xuemei Guo

Authors
  1. Qiliang Cai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Zhun Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Wei Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Xuemei Guo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Zhiqun Shang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Ning Jiang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Jing Tian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Yuanjie Niu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yuanjie Niu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Cai, Q., Wang, Z., Zhang, W. et al. Association between glutathione S-transferases M1 and T1 gene polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Tumor Biol. 35, 247–256 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-013-1030-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-013-1030-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation