Top

Mindfulness

Gepubliceerd in:

18-03-2019 | ORIGINAL PAPER

Appreciative Joy Meditation Enhances Acceptance of Unfair Offer in Ultimatum Game

Auteurs: Gary Ting Tat Ng, Derek Chun Kiu Lai, Xianglong Zeng, Tian Po Oei

Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness | Uitgave 8/2019

Abstract

Objectives

Empirical studies have shown that the Four Immeasurables Meditations (FIM) can enhance compassionate decisions towards others, such as helping victims being treated unfairly in economic games. However, research investigating how FIM affects individuals’ decisions when they themselves are victims is sparse. Thus, the current study utilized a randomized trial to scrutinize the causal influence of practicing FIM on people’s reactions towards unfairness that is directed at them.

Methods

Meditation novices (N = 135) were randomly assigned to practice either a brief Appreciative Joy Meditation (AJM) or a matched neutral visualization. They then took part in the Ultimatum Game where they first acted as a proposer to propose an offer to another person, then acted as a responder to decide whether to accept a set of offers.

Results

The AJM group accepted significantly more unfair offers, but neither proposed a higher offer to others nor changed the perception of fairness, as compared with the neutral visualization control group. Furthermore, self-reported emotional changes during meditation practice could not predict behavior in the Ultimatum Game, but the Self-Transcendence dimension of the Appreciative Joy Scale, which reflects one’s ability to feel happy for others when one is in an inferior situation, predicted higher acceptance rate of unfair offers.

Conclusions

This study provided a piece of causal evidence that a brief practice of AJM can make people more tolerable to unfairness directed against them. Broadly, this study also inspired more investigations on attitudes towards people in superior situations in future studies on FIM.

vorige artikel Long-term Mental Health Effects of Mindfulness Training: a 4-Year Follow-up Study

volgende artikel Meditation on the Breath: Mindfulness and Focused Attention

Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers

Andrade, E. B., & Ariely, D. (2009). The enduring impact of transient emotions on decision making. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 109(1), 1–8.CrossRef

Ashton, M. C., & Lee, K. (2009). The HEXACO–60: a short measure of the major dimensions of personality. Journal of Personality Assessment, 91(4), 340–345.CrossRefPubMed

Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (1994). Measuring emotion: the self-assessment manikin and the semantic differential. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 25(1), 49–59.CrossRef

Calvillo, D. P., & Burgeno, J. N. (2015). Cognitive reflection predicts the acceptance of unfair ultimatum game offers. Judgment and Decision making, 10(4), 332–341.

Camerer, C. F. (2011). Behavioral game theory: experiments in strategic interaction. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRef

Chandler, J., Paolacci, G., Peer, E., Mueller, P., & Ratliff, K. A. (2015). Using nonnaive participants can reduce effect sizes. Psychological Science, 26(7), 1131–1139.CrossRefPubMed

Condon, P., Desbordes, G., Miller, W. B., & DeSteno, D. (2013). Meditation increases compassionate responses to suffering. Psychological Science, 24(10), 2125–2127.CrossRef

Edele, A., Dziobek, I., & Keller, M. (2013). Explaining altruistic sharing in the dictator game: the role of affective empathy, cognitive empathy, and justice sensitivity. Learning and Individual Differences, 24, 96–102.CrossRef

Eid, M., Gollwitzer, M., & Schmitt, M. (2011). Statistik und Forschungsmethoden Lehrbuch. Weinheim, Germany: Beltz Verlag.

Fatfouta, R., Meshi, D., Merkl, A., & Heekeren, H. R. (2018). Accepting unfairness by a significant other is associated with reduced connectivity between medial prefrontal and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. Social Neuroscience, 13(1), 61–73.CrossRefPubMed

Ferguson, E., Maltby, J., Bibby, P. A., & Lawrence, C. (2014). Fast to forgive, slow to retaliate: intuitive responses in the ultimatum game depend on the degree of unfairness. PLoS One, 9(5).

Forgas, J. P., & Tan, H. B. (2013). Mood effects on selfishness versus fairness: affective influences on social decisions in the ultimatum game. Social Cognition, 31(4), 504–517.CrossRef

Galante, J., Galante, I., Bekkers, M. J., & Gallacher, J. (2014). Effect of kindness-based meditation on health and well-being: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 82(6), 1101–1114.CrossRefPubMed

Gilbert, P., McEwan, K., Matos, M., & Rivis, A. (2011). Fears of compassion: development of three self-report measures. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 84(3), 239–255.CrossRef

Harlé, K. M., & Sanfey, A. G. (2007). Incidental sadness biases social economic decisions in the ultimatum game. Emotion, 7(4), 876–881.CrossRefPubMed

Henrich, J., Boyd, R., Bowles, S., Camerer, C., Fehr, E., Gintis, H., et al. (2005). "Economic man" in cross-cultural perspective: Behavioral experiences in 15 small-scale societies. Behavioral and Brain Science, 28, 795–855.

Hilbig, B. E., & Zettler, I. (2009). Pillars of cooperation: Honesty–Humility, social value orientations, and economic behavior. Journal of Research in Personality, 43(3), 516–519.CrossRef

Hilbig, B. E., Zettler, I., Leist, F., & Heydasch, T. (2013). It takes two: Honesty–Humility and agreeableness differentially predict active versus reactive cooperation. Personality and Individual Differences, 54(5), 598–603.CrossRef

Holt, C. A., & Laury, S. K. (2002). Risk aversion and incentive effects. American Economic Review, 92(5), 1644–1655.CrossRef

Johannesson, M., & Persson, B. (2000). Non-reciprocal altruism in dictator games. Economics Letters, 69(2), 137–142.CrossRef

Kang, Y., Gray, J. R., & Dovidio, J. F. (2014). The nondiscriminating heart: Lovingkindness meditation training decreases implicit intergroup bias. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143(3), 1306–1313.CrossRef

Kirk, U., Downar, J., & Montague, P. R. (2011). Interoception drives increased rational decision-making in meditators playing the ultimatum game. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 5.

Kirk, U., Gu, X., Sharp, C., Hula, A., Fonagy, P., & Montague, P. R. (2016). Mindfulness training increases cooperative decision making in economic exchanges: evidence from fMRI. NeuroImage, 138, 274–283.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Kraus, S., & Sears, S. (2009). Measuring the immeasurables: development and initial validation of the Self-Other Four Immeasurables (SOFI) scale based on Buddhist teachings on loving kindness, compassion, joy, and equanimity. Social Indicators Research, 92(1), 169–181.CrossRef

Leiberg, S., Klimecki, O., & Singer, T. (2011). Short-term compassion training increases prosocial behavior in a newly developed prosocial game. PLoS One, 6(3).

Levenson, M. R., Jennings, P. A., Aldwin, C. M., & Shiraishi, R. W. (2005). Self-transcendence: conceptualization and measurement. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 60(2), 127–143.CrossRefPubMed

Luberto, C. M., Shinday, N., Song, R., Philpotts, L. L., Park, E. R., Fricchione, G. L., & Yeh, G. Y. (2017). A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of meditation on empathy, compassion, and prosocial behaviors. Mindfulness, 9(3), 1–17.

Mascaro, J. S., Rilling, J. K., Negi, L. T., & Raison, C. L. (2013). Pre-existing brain function predicts subsequent practice of mindfulness and compassion meditation. NeuroImage, 69, 35–42.CrossRefPubMed

McCall, C., Steinbeis, N., Ricard, M., & Singer, T. (2014). Compassion meditators show less anger, less punishment, and more compensation of victims in response to fairness violations. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 8.

Rakos, R. F. (1991). Assertive behavior: theory, research, and training. London, England: Taylor & Frances.

Reb, J., Junjie, S., & Narayanan, J. (2010). Compassionate dictators? The effects of loving-kindness meditation on offers in a dictator game. Paper presented at the 23rd annual International Association of Conflict Management Conference, Boston, MA.

Shonin, E., Van Gordon, W., Compare, A., Zangeneh, M., & Griffiths, M. D. (2015). Buddhist-derived loving-kindness and compassion meditation for the treatment of psychopathology: a systematic review. Mindfulness, 6(5), 1161–1180.CrossRef

Sujiva, V. (2007). Loving-kindness meditation. Retrieved from http://enlight.lib.ntu.edu.tw/FULLTEXT/JR-MAG/mag140106.pdf.

Sun, S., Yao, Z., Wei, J., & Yu, R. (2015). Calm and smart? A selective review of meditation effects on decision making. Frontiers in Psychology, 6.

Takahashi, H., Takano, H., Camerer, C. F., Ideno, T., Okubo, S., Matsui, H., et al. (2012). Honesty mediates the relationship between serotonin and reaction to unfairness. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(11), 4281–4284.CrossRef

Van’t Wout, M., Kahn, R. S., Sanfey, A. G., & Aleman, A. (2006). Affective state and decision-making in the ultimatum game. Experimental Brain Research, 169(4), 564–568.CrossRef

Weng, H. Y., Fox, A. S., Shackman, A. J., Stodola, D. E., Caldwell, J. Z., Olson, M. C., et al. (2013). Compassion training alters altruism and neural responses to suffering. Psychological Science, 24(7), 1171–1180.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Weng, H. Y., Fox, A. S., Hessenthaler, H. C., Stodola, D. E., & Davidson, R. J. (2015). The role of compassion in altruistic helping and punishment behavior. PLoS One, 10(12).

Zeng, X., Liu, S., & Liu, X. (2013). The application and empirical studies on loving-kindness meditation from psychological perspective. Advances in Psychological Science, 21(8), 1466–1472.CrossRef

Zeng, X., Chiu, C. P., Wang, R., Oei, T. P., & Leung, F. Y. (2015). The effect of loving-kindness meditation on positive emotions: a meta-analytic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 6.

Zeng, X., Chan, V. Y., Liu, X., Oei, T. P., & Leung, F. Y. (2017a). The four immeasurables meditations: differential effects of appreciative joy and compassion meditations on emotions. Mindfulness, 8(4), 949–959.CrossRef

Zeng, X., Chan, V. Y., Oei, T. P., Leung, F. Y., & Liu, X. (2017b). Appreciative joy in Buddhism and positive empathy in psychology: how do they differ? Mindfulness, 8(5), 1184–1194.CrossRef

Zeng, X., Liao, R., Zhang, R., Oei, T. P., Yao, Z., Leung, F. Y., & Liu, X. (2017c). Development of the appreciative joy scale. Mindfulness, 8(2), 286–299.CrossRef

Zeng, X., Wang, R., Oei, T. P., & Leung, F. Y. (2019). Heart of joy: a randomized controlled trail evaluating the effect of an appreciative joy meditation training on subjective well-being and attitudes. Mindfulness, 10(3), 506-515. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0992-2.

Titel: Appreciative Joy Meditation Enhances Acceptance of Unfair Offer in Ultimatum Game
Auteurs: Gary Ting Tat Ng
Derek Chun Kiu Lai
Xianglong Zeng
Tian Po Oei
Publicatiedatum: 18-03-2019
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness / Uitgave 8/2019
Print ISSN: 1868-8527
Elektronisch ISSN: 1868-8535
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-019-01139-1

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 8/2019

Self-Compassion Interventions and Psychosocial Outcomes: a Meta-Analysis of RCTs

Education and Mindfulness Practice: Exploring a Dialog Between Two Traditions

Individual Gender and Group Gender Composition as Predictors of Differential Benefit from Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders

Exploring Gender Differences in the Relationship Between Dispositional Mindfulness and Compulsive Sexual Behavior Among Adults in Residential Substance Use Treatment

Long-term Mental Health Effects of Mindfulness Training: a 4-Year Follow-up Study

Mindfulness Promotes a More Balanced Time Perspective: Correlational and Intervention-Based Evidence