Top

Gepubliceerd in:

16-02-2019 | ORIGINAL PAPER

Unified Consciousness and the Effect of Body Scan Meditation on Happiness: Alteration of Inner-Body Experience and Feeling of Harmony as Central Processes

Auteurs: Michaël Dambrun, Amandine Berniard, Thibault Didelot, Magali Chaulet, Sylvie Droit-Volet, Maya Corman, Catherine Juneau, Léa M. Martinon

Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness | Uitgave 8/2019

Abstract

Objectives

The main aim of this paper was to investigate the processes by which body scan meditation (BSM) increases happiness. We hypothesized that BMS would lead to a transition from the narrative self to the minimal self, but also and more importantly to a transition from the minimal self to a state of more unified consciousness characterized by both self-loss and oneness.

Methods

Participants (n = 89; 79 women and 10 men; M_age = 19.5) were randomly assigned to either a body scan, a relaxing spiritual-minimalist style of music, or an active control condition. All constructs were assessed by means of self-report measures.

Results

As expected, the increase in unified consciousness and happiness was greater in the BSM condition than in the two other conditions, with unified consciousness mediating the effect of BSM on happiness (b = 0.10, CI: 0.03, 0.19). Feeling of being in harmony emerges as a significant mediator of the effect of unified consciousness on happiness (b = 0.06, CI: 0.01, 0.13), while alteration in inner-body experience significantly mediates the effect of BSM on unified consciousness (b = 0.35, CI: 0.12, 0.62). The increase in decentering and decrease in mind-wandering during the meditation does not explain the effect of BSM on happiness and unified consciousness.

Conclusions

Altogether, the results support the hypothesis that BSM alters both the narrative and the minimal self and favors a transition toward a state of unified consciousness.

vorige artikel Effects of Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment (MAC) on Sport-Specific Dispositional Mindfulness, Emotion Regulation, and Self-Rated Athletic Performance in a Multiple-Sport Population: an RCT Study

volgende artikel The Mutual Support Model of Mindfulness and Character Strengths

Alsmith, A. J., & Longo, M. R. (2014). Where exactly am I? Self-location judgements distribute between head and torso. Consciousness and Cognition, 24, 70–74.CrossRef

Ataria, Y., Dor-Ziderman, Y., & Berkovich-Ohana, A. (2015). How does it feel to lack a sense of boundaries? A case study of a long-term mindfulness meditator. Consciousness and Cognition, 37, 133–147.CrossRefPubMed

Berkovich-Ohana, A., & Glicksohn, J. (2014). The consciousness state space (CSS)—a unifying model for consciousness and self. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 341.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Berkovich-Ohana, A., & Glicksohn, J. (2017). Meditation, absorption, transcendent experience, and affect: tying it all together via the consciousness state space (CSS) model. Mindfulness, 8, 68–77.CrossRef

Berkovich-Ohana, A., Dor-Ziderman, Y., Glicksohn, J., & Goldstein, A. (2013). Alterations in the sense of time, space, and body in the mindfulness-trained brain: a neurophenomenologically-guided MEG study. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 912.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Blanke, O. (2012). Multisensory brain mechanisms of bodily self-consciousness. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 13, 556–571.CrossRef

Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1988). The flow experience and its significance for human psychology. In M. Csikszentmihalyi & I. S. Csikszentmihalyi (Eds.), Optimal experience: psychological studies of flow in consciousness (pp. 15–35). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef

Dahl, C. J., Lutz, A., & Davidson, R. J. (2015). Reconstructing and deconstructing the self: cognitive mechanisms in meditation practice. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 19, 515–523.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Damasio, A. R. (1999). The feeling of what happens: body and emotion in the making of consciousness. New York, NY: Harcourt Brace.

Dambrun, M. (2016). When the dissolution of perceived body boundaries elicits happiness: the effect of selflessness induced by a body scan meditation. Consciousness and Cognition, 46, 89–98.CrossRefPubMed

Dambrun, M. (2017). Self-centeredness and selflessness: happiness correlates and mediating psychological processes. PeerJ, 5, e3306.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Dambrun, M., & Ricard, M. (2011). Self-centeredness and selflessness: a theory of self-based psychological functioning and its consequences for happiness. Review of General Psychology, 15, 138–157.CrossRef

Dambrun, M., Ricard, M., Despres, G., Drelon, E., Gibelin, E., Gibelin, M., et al. (2012). Measuring happiness: from fluctuating happiness to authentic–durable happiness. Frontiers in Psychology, 3, 1–11.CrossRef

Davachi, S.C. (2013). Looking inward: La Monte Young, Arvo Pärt, and the spatiotemporal dwelling environment of minimalist music. In Divergence Press Issue 1: Temporalities in Contemporary Music. Centre for Research in New Music, University of Huddersfield, UK.

DeNeve, K. M., & Cooper, H. (1998). The happy personality: a meta-analysis of 137 personality traits and subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 197–229.CrossRef

Dor-Ziderman, Y., Berkovich-Ohana, A., Glicksohn, J., & Goldstein, A. (2013). Mindfulness-induced selflessness: a MEG neurophenomenological study. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7, 582.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Dor-Ziderman, Y., Ataria, Y., Fulder, S., Goldstein, A., & Berkovich-Ohana, A. (2016). Self-specific processing in the meditating brain: a MEG neurophenomenology study. Neuroscience of Consciousness, (1), 1–13.

Epstein, M. (1988). The deconstruction of the self: ego and “egolessness” in Buddhist insight meditation. The Journal of Transpersonal Psychology, 20, 61–69.

Fachner, J. (2011). Time is the key – music and altered states of consciousness. In E. Cardeña, & M. Winkelman (Eds.), Altering consciousness: a multidisciplinary perspective. Volume 1: History, culture and the humanities (pp. 355–376). Santa Barbara: Praeger.

Fox, K. C., Zakarauskas, P., Dixon, M., Ellamil, M., Thompson, E., & Christoff, K. (2012). Meditation experience predicts introspective accuracy. PLoS One, 7, e45370.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Francis, L. J. (2000). The Francis-Louden mystical orientation scale (MOS). Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion, 11, 99–116.

Fresco, D. M., Moore, M. T., van Dulmen, M. H. M., Segal, Z. V., Ma, S. H., Teasdale, J. D., & Williams, J. M. G. (2007). Initial psychometric properties of the experiences questionnaire: validation of a self-report measure of decentering. Behavior Therapy, 38, 234–246.CrossRefPubMed

Gallagher, S. (2000). Philosophical conceptions of the self: implications for cognitive science. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4, 14–21.CrossRef

Gimeno, M. M. (2010). The effect of music and imagery to induce relaxation and reduce nausea and emesis in patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy treatment. Music and medicine, 2, 174–181.CrossRef

Goldberg, S. B., Wielgosz, J., Dahl, C., Schuyler, B., MacCoon, D. S., Rosenkranz, M., et al. (2016). Does the five facet mindfulness questionnaire measure what we think it does? Construct validity evidence from an active controlled randomized clinical trial. Psychological Assessment, 28, 1009–1014.CrossRefPubMed

Hanh, T. N. (2002). Present moment wonderful moment: mindfulness verses for daily living. Berkley, CA: Parallax Press.

Hanley, A. W., Baker, A. K., & Garland, E. L. (2017). Self-interest may not be entirely in the interest of the self: association between selflessness, dispositional mindfulness and psychological well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 117, 166–171.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Hayes, A. F. (2017). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: a regression-based approach. Guilford Publications.

Heaney, M. L. (2014). Can music “mirror” god? A theological-hermeneutical exploration of music in the light of Arvo Pärt’s Spiegel im Spiegel. Religions, 5, 361–384.CrossRef

Hills, P., & Argyle, M. (2001). Emotional stability as a major dimension of happiness. Personality and Individual Differences, 31, 1357–1364.CrossRef

Hoge, E. A., Bui, E., Goetter, E., Robinaugh, D. J., Ojserkis, R. A., Fresco, D. M., & Simon, N. M. (2015). Change in decentering mediates improvement in anxiety in mindfulness-based stress reduction for generalized anxiety disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 39, 228–235.CrossRefPubMed

Holzel, B. K., Lazar, S. W., Gard, T., Schuman-Olivier, Z., Vago, D. R., & Ott, U. (2011). How does mindfulness meditation work? Proposing mechanisms of action from a conceptual and neural perspective. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6, 537–559.CrossRefPubMed

Hood, R. W., Jr. (1975). The construction and preliminary validation of a measure of reported mystical experience. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 14, 29–41.CrossRef

Hood, R. W., Jr. (1976). Conceptual criticisms of regressive explanations of mysticism. Review of Religious Research, 17, 179–188.CrossRef

Hood, R. W., Jr. (2002). The mystical self: lost and found. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 12, 1–14.CrossRef

Hood, R. W., Jr., Ghorbani, N., Watson, P. J., Ghramaleki, A. F., Bing, M. N., Davison, H. K., … Williamson, W. P. (2001). Dimensions of the mysticism scale: confirming the three-factor structure in the United States and Iran. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 40, 691–705.

Hood, R. W., Jr., Hill, P. C., & Spilka, B. (2009). The psychology of religion: an empirical approach (4th ed.). New York, NY, US: Guilford Press.

Joshanloo, M. (2014). Eastern conceptualizations of happiness: fundamental differences with Western views. Journal of Happiness Studies, 15, 475–493.CrossRef

Josipovic, Z., Dinstein, I., Weber, J., & Heeger, D. J. (2012). Influence of meditation on anti-correlated networks in the brain. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 5, 183.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness-based interventions in context: past, present, and future. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10, 144–156.

Lau, M. A., Bishop, S. R., Segal, Z. V., Buis, T., Anderson, N. D., Carlson, L., et al. (2006). The Toronto mindfulness scale: development and validation. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62, 1445–1467.CrossRefPubMed

Le, T. N., & Levenson, M. R. (2005). Wisdom as self-transcendence: what’s love (& individualism) got to do with it? Journal of Research in Personality, 39, 443–457.CrossRef

Leary, M. R., Tipsord, J. M., & Tate, E. B. (2008). Allo-inclusive identity: incorporating the social and natural worlds into one’s sense of self. In Transcending self-interest: psychological explorations of the quiet ego (pp. 137–147). Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association.CrossRef

Lindahl, J. R., Fisher, N. E., Cooper, D. J., Rosen, R. K., & Britton, W. B. (2017). The varieties of contemplative experience: a mixed-methods study of meditation-related challenges in Western Buddhists. PLoS One, 12, e0176239.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Mrazek, M. D., Smallwood, J., & Schooler, J. W. (2012). Mindfulness and mind-wandering: finding convergence through opposing constructs. Emotion, 12, 442–448.CrossRefPubMed

Nisbett, R. E., & Wilson, T. D. (1977). Telling more than we can know: verbal reports on mental processes. Psychological Review, 84, 231–259.CrossRef

Olendzki, A. (2006). The transformative impact of non-self. In D. K. Nauriyal, M. S. Drummond, & Y. B. Lal (Eds.), Buddhist thought and applied psychological research: transcending the boundaries (pp. 250–261). New York, NY: Taylor & Francis Routledge.

Plaisant, O., Courtois, R., Réveillère, C., Mendelsohn, G. A., & John, O. P. (2010). Validation par analyse factorielle du Big Five Inventory français (BFI-Fr). Analyse convergente avec le NEO-PI-R. Annales Médico-psychologiques, revue psychiatrique, 168, 97–106.CrossRef

Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 36, 717–731.CrossRef

Sedlmeier, P., Eberth, J., Schwarz, M., Zimmermann, D., Haarig, F., Jaeger, S., & Kunze, S. (2012). The psychological effects of meditation: a meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 138, 1139–1171.CrossRefPubMed

Smallwood, J., Karapanagiotidis, T., Ruby, F., Medea, B., de Caso, I., Konishi, M., ... & Jefferies, E. (2016). Representing representation: integration between the temporal lobe and the posterior cingulate influences the content and form of spontaneous thought. PLoS One, 11, e0152272.

Stace, W. T. (1960). Mysticism and philosophy. St. Martin’s Press.

Titel: Unified Consciousness and the Effect of Body Scan Meditation on Happiness: Alteration of Inner-Body Experience and Feeling of Harmony as Central Processes
Auteurs: Michaël Dambrun
Amandine Berniard
Thibault Didelot
Magali Chaulet
Sylvie Droit-Volet
Maya Corman
Catherine Juneau
Léa M. Martinon
Publicatiedatum: 16-02-2019
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness / Uitgave 8/2019
Print ISSN: 1868-8527
Elektronisch ISSN: 1868-8535
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-019-01104-y

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 8/2019

The Role of Dispositional Mindfulness and Self-compassion in Educator Stress

Meditation on the Breath: Mindfulness and Focused Attention

Mindful Parenting Assessed in Mainland China: Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale

Effects of Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment (MAC) on Sport-Specific Dispositional Mindfulness, Emotion Regulation, and Self-Rated Athletic Performance in a Multiple-Sport Population: an RCT Study

Appreciative Joy Meditation Enhances Acceptance of Unfair Offer in Ultimatum Game

Self-Compassion Interventions and Psychosocial Outcomes: a Meta-Analysis of RCTs