Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness 3/2018

23-10-2017 | ORIGINAL PAPER

Building Blocks of Emotional Flexibility: Trait Mindfulness and Self-Compassion Are Associated with Positive and Negative Mood Shifts

Auteurs: Shadi Beshai, Jennifer L. Prentice, Vivian Huang

Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness | Uitgave 3/2018

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Emotional flexibility can be defined as the ability to respond in a context-appropriate emotional manner and recover from one’s initial emotional responses when the context changes. Emotional flexibility has been associated with psychological health. Mindfulness and self-compassion have both been associated with various aspects of well-being and are considered buffers against psychopathology; however, few studies have examined the relationships of mindfulness and self-compassion with emotional flexibility. A total of 417 participants were recruited through an online crowdsourcing website and completed study questionnaires as well as negative and positive mood induction procedures. Results indicated that both mindfulness and self-compassion were significantly and positively associated with mood drops and mood increases in response to negative and positive mood induction procedures, respectively. We also found that depressive symptoms and depression-related negative cognitions were negatively correlated with emotional flexibility. Further, hierarchical regression analyses revealed that self-compassion may explain variance in emotional flexibility beyond what is accounted for by trait mindfulness. Findings of this study underscore the importance of mindfulness and, specifically, self-compassion as likely key factors in emotional flexibility. Further, it appears that self-compassion may explain some aspects of emotional flexibility beyond variance contributed for by trait mindfulness alone, suggesting that both these constructs may need to be cultivated directly in psychological interventions for optimal psychological health. Future work should replicate and extend our findings and examine directionality among the examined factors.
Literatuur
go back to reference Beshai, S., McAlpine, L., Weare, K., & Kuyken, W. (2016). A non-randomised feasibility trial assessing the efficacy of a mindfulness-based intervention for teachers to reduce stress and improve well-being. Mindfulness, 7(1), 198–208.CrossRef Beshai, S., McAlpine, L., Weare, K., & Kuyken, W. (2016). A non-randomised feasibility trial assessing the efficacy of a mindfulness-based intervention for teachers to reduce stress and improve well-being. Mindfulness, 7(1), 198–208.CrossRef
go back to reference Beshai, S., Mishra, S., Meadows, T. J., Parmar, P., & Huang, V. (2017). Minding the gap: subjective relative deprivation and depressive symptoms. Social Science & Medicine, 173, 18–25.CrossRef Beshai, S., Mishra, S., Meadows, T. J., Parmar, P., & Huang, V. (2017). Minding the gap: subjective relative deprivation and depressive symptoms. Social Science & Medicine, 173, 18–25.CrossRef
go back to reference Bonanno, G. A. (2004). Loss, trauma, and human resilience: have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events? American Psychologist, 59(1), 20.CrossRefPubMed Bonanno, G. A. (2004). Loss, trauma, and human resilience: have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events? American Psychologist, 59(1), 20.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Clark, D. M., & Teasdale, J. D. (1985). Constraints on the effects of mood on memory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48(6), 1595–1608. Clark, D. M., & Teasdale, J. D. (1985). Constraints on the effects of mood on memory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48(6), 1595–1608.
go back to reference Denckla, C. A., Consedine, N. S., & Bornstein, R. F. (2017). Self-compassion mediates the link between dependency and depressive symptomatology in college students. Self and Identity, 16(4), 373–383.CrossRef Denckla, C. A., Consedine, N. S., & Bornstein, R. F. (2017). Self-compassion mediates the link between dependency and depressive symptomatology in college students. Self and Identity, 16(4), 373–383.CrossRef
go back to reference De Winter, J. C. F., Kyriakidis, M., Dodou, D., & Happee, R. (2015). Using CrowdFlower to study the relationship between self-reported violations and traffic accidents. Procedia Manufacturing, 3, 2518–2525. De Winter, J. C. F., Kyriakidis, M., Dodou, D., & Happee, R. (2015). Using CrowdFlower to study the relationship between self-reported violations and traffic accidents. Procedia Manufacturing, 3, 2518–2525.
go back to reference Diedrich, A., Grant, M., Hofmann, S. G., Hiller, W., & Berking, M. (2014). Self-compassion as an emotion regulation strategy in major depressive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 58, 43–51.CrossRefPubMed Diedrich, A., Grant, M., Hofmann, S. G., Hiller, W., & Berking, M. (2014). Self-compassion as an emotion regulation strategy in major depressive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 58, 43–51.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Diedrich, A., Hofmann, S. G., Cuijpers, P., & Berking, M. (2016). Self-compassion enhances the efficacy of explicit cognitive reappraisal as an emotion regulation strategy in individuals with major depressive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 82, 1–10.CrossRefPubMed Diedrich, A., Hofmann, S. G., Cuijpers, P., & Berking, M. (2016). Self-compassion enhances the efficacy of explicit cognitive reappraisal as an emotion regulation strategy in individuals with major depressive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 82, 1–10.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference First, M. B., Spitzer, R. L., Gibbon, M., & Williams, J. B. (1997). Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV clinical version (SCID-I/CV). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Press. First, M. B., Spitzer, R. L., Gibbon, M., & Williams, J. B. (1997). Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV clinical version (SCID-I/CV). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Press.
go back to reference Germer, C. K. (2009). The mindful path to self-compassion: freeing yourself from destructive thoughts and emotions. New York: Guilford. Germer, C. K. (2009). The mindful path to self-compassion: freeing yourself from destructive thoughts and emotions. New York: Guilford.
go back to reference Gilbert, P. (2009). The compassionate mind. London: Constable. Gilbert, P. (2009). The compassionate mind. London: Constable.
go back to reference IBM Corp. Released. (2010). IMB SPSS statistics for Windows, version 19.0. Armonk: IBM Corp. IBM Corp. Released. (2010). IMB SPSS statistics for Windows, version 19.0. Armonk: IBM Corp.
go back to reference Johnson, E. A., & O'Brien, K. A. (2013). Self-compassion soothes the savage ego-threat system: effects on negative affect, shame, rumination, and depressive symptoms. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 32(9), 939–963.CrossRef Johnson, E. A., & O'Brien, K. A. (2013). Self-compassion soothes the savage ego-threat system: effects on negative affect, shame, rumination, and depressive symptoms. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 32(9), 939–963.CrossRef
go back to reference Kabat-Zinn, J. (2009). Full catastrophe living: using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. New York: Delta. Kabat-Zinn, J. (2009). Full catastrophe living: using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. New York: Delta.
go back to reference Kuyken, W., Hayes, R., Barrett, B., Byng, R., Dalgleish, T., Kessler, D., et al. (2015). Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy compared with maintenance antidepressant treatment in the prevention of depressive relapse or recurrence (PREVENT): a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet, 386(9988), 63–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62222-4.CrossRef Kuyken, W., Hayes, R., Barrett, B., Byng, R., Dalgleish, T., Kessler, D., et al. (2015). Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy compared with maintenance antidepressant treatment in the prevention of depressive relapse or recurrence (PREVENT): a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet, 386(9988), 63–73. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​S0140-6736(14)62222-4.CrossRef
go back to reference Lang, P. J., Bradley, M. M., & Cuthbert, B. N. (1997). International affective picture system (IAPS): Technical manual and affective ratings. NIMH Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, 39–58. Lang, P. J., Bradley, M. M., & Cuthbert, B. N. (1997). International affective picture system (IAPS): Technical manual and affective ratings. NIMH Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, 39–58.
go back to reference Lang, P. J., Bradley, M. N., & Cuthbert, B. N. (2008). The International Affective Picture Systems (IAPS): technical manual and affective ratings. Gainesville: University of Florida: NIMH Center for the study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida. Lang, P. J., Bradley, M. N., & Cuthbert, B. N. (2008). The International Affective Picture Systems (IAPS): technical manual and affective ratings. Gainesville: University of Florida: NIMH Center for the study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida.
go back to reference López, A., Sanderman, R., & Schroevers, M. J. (2016). Mindfulness and self-compassion as unique and common predictors of affect in the general population. Mindfulness, 7(6), 1289–1296.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed López, A., Sanderman, R., & Schroevers, M. J. (2016). Mindfulness and self-compassion as unique and common predictors of affect in the general population. Mindfulness, 7(6), 1289–1296.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
go back to reference Maheux, A., & Price, M. (2016). The indirect effect of social support on post-trauma psychopathology via self-compassion. Personality and Individual Differences, 88, 102–107.CrossRef Maheux, A., & Price, M. (2016). The indirect effect of social support on post-trauma psychopathology via self-compassion. Personality and Individual Differences, 88, 102–107.CrossRef
go back to reference Neff, K. D., & Dahm, K. A. (2015). Self-compassion: what it is, what it does, and how it relates to mindfulness. In M. Robinson, B. Meier, & B. Ostafin (Eds.), Mindfulness and self-regulation (pp. 121–140). New York: Springer.CrossRef Neff, K. D., & Dahm, K. A. (2015). Self-compassion: what it is, what it does, and how it relates to mindfulness. In M. Robinson, B. Meier, & B. Ostafin (Eds.), Mindfulness and self-regulation (pp. 121–140). New York: Springer.CrossRef
go back to reference Neff, K. D., Rude, S. S., & Kirkpatrick, K. L. (2007). An examination of self-compassion in relation to positive psychological functioning and personality traits. Journal of Research in Personality, 41(4), 908–916.CrossRef Neff, K. D., Rude, S. S., & Kirkpatrick, K. L. (2007). An examination of self-compassion in relation to positive psychological functioning and personality traits. Journal of Research in Personality, 41(4), 908–916.CrossRef
go back to reference Neff, K. D., Whittaker, T. A., & Karl, A. (2017). Examining the factor structure of the Self-Compassion Scale in four distinct populations: Is the use of a total scale score justified?. Journal of Personality Assessment, 99(6), 596–607. Neff, K. D., Whittaker, T. A., & Karl, A. (2017). Examining the factor structure of the Self-Compassion Scale in four distinct populations: Is the use of a total scale score justified?. Journal of Personality Assessment, 99(6), 596–607.
go back to reference Odou, N., & Brinker, J. (2014). Exploring the relationship between rumination, self-compassion, and mood. Self and Identity, 13(4), 449–459.CrossRef Odou, N., & Brinker, J. (2014). Exploring the relationship between rumination, self-compassion, and mood. Self and Identity, 13(4), 449–459.CrossRef
go back to reference Raes, F. (2010). Rumination and worry as mediators of the relationship between self-compassion and depression and anxiety. Personality and Individual Differences, 48(6), 757–761.CrossRef Raes, F. (2010). Rumination and worry as mediators of the relationship between self-compassion and depression and anxiety. Personality and Individual Differences, 48(6), 757–761.CrossRef
go back to reference Rottenberg, J. (2005). Mood and emotion in major depression. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14(3), 167–170.CrossRef Rottenberg, J. (2005). Mood and emotion in major depression. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14(3), 167–170.CrossRef
go back to reference Shapira, L. B., & Mongrain, M. (2010). The benefits of self-compassion and optimism exercises for individuals vulnerable to depression. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5(5), 377–389.CrossRef Shapira, L. B., & Mongrain, M. (2010). The benefits of self-compassion and optimism exercises for individuals vulnerable to depression. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5(5), 377–389.CrossRef
go back to reference Silberstein, L. R., Tirch, D., Leahy, R. L., & McGinn, L. (2012). Mindfulness, psychological flexibility and emotional schemas. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 5(4), 406–419.CrossRef Silberstein, L. R., Tirch, D., Leahy, R. L., & McGinn, L. (2012). Mindfulness, psychological flexibility and emotional schemas. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 5(4), 406–419.CrossRef
go back to reference Strauss, C., Taylor, B. L., Gu, J., Kuyken, W., Baer, R., Jones, F., & Cavanagh, K. (2016). What is compassion and how can we measure it? A review of definitions and measures. Clinical Psychology Review, 47, 15–27.CrossRefPubMed Strauss, C., Taylor, B. L., Gu, J., Kuyken, W., Baer, R., Jones, F., & Cavanagh, K. (2016). What is compassion and how can we measure it? A review of definitions and measures. Clinical Psychology Review, 47, 15–27.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics, 5th. Needham Height: Allyn & Bacon. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics, 5th. Needham Height: Allyn & Bacon.
go back to reference Trompetter, H. R., de Kleine, E., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2017). Why does positive mental health buffer against psychopathology? An exploratory study on self-compassion as a resilience mechanism and adaptive emotion regulation strategy. Cognitive therapy and research, 41(3), 459–468. Trompetter, H. R., de Kleine, E., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2017). Why does positive mental health buffer against psychopathology? An exploratory study on self-compassion as a resilience mechanism and adaptive emotion regulation strategy. Cognitive therapy and research, 41(3), 459–468.
go back to reference Williams, J. M., Van der Does, A. J. W., Baqrnhofer, T., Crane, C., & Segal, Z. S. (2008). Cognitive reactivity, suicidal ideation and future fluency: preliminary investigation of a differential activation theory of hopelessness/suicidality. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 32, 83–104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-006-9105-y.CrossRef Williams, J. M., Van der Does, A. J. W., Baqrnhofer, T., Crane, C., & Segal, Z. S. (2008). Cognitive reactivity, suicidal ideation and future fluency: preliminary investigation of a differential activation theory of hopelessness/suicidality. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 32, 83–104. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s10608-006-9105-y.CrossRef
Metagegevens
Titel
Building Blocks of Emotional Flexibility: Trait Mindfulness and Self-Compassion Are Associated with Positive and Negative Mood Shifts
Auteurs
Shadi Beshai
Jennifer L. Prentice
Vivian Huang
Publicatiedatum
23-10-2017
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Mindfulness / Uitgave 3/2018
Print ISSN: 1868-8527
Elektronisch ISSN: 1868-8535
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0833-8

Andere artikelen Uitgave 3/2018

Mindfulness 3/2018 Naar de uitgave