Top

Gepubliceerd in:

01-06-2013 | ORIGINAL PAPER

The Relationship Between Mindful Parenting and Distress in Parents of Children with an Autism Spectrum Disorder

Auteurs: Michelle Beer, Lynn Ward, Kathryn Moar

Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness | Uitgave 2/2013

Abstract

Parenting a child with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be highly challenging. Extensive behaviour problems associated with the disorder may contribute to poor psychological health amongst parents. It is important to investigate factors that are related to parental well-being and that may be amenable to intervention. The current study investigated mindful parenting amongst parents of children with ASD. Participants (N = 28) completed a questionnaire about their child’s behaviour problems, parental stress, depressive and anxiety symptoms and mindful parenting, along with open-ended questions about mindful parenting practices and general parenting experiences. Higher levels of mindful parenting were related to lower levels of depressive symptoms and stress. There was no relationship between mindful parenting and anxiety symptoms. Higher levels of child behaviour problems were associated with more severe parental depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and stress and lower levels of mindful parenting. Contrary to expectations, preliminary analyses using partial correlations indicated that mindful parenting did not mediate the relationship between child behaviour problems and parental distress. Thematic analysis of the open-ended mindful parenting questions yielded four main themes: examples of mindful parenting practices, specific strategies, advantages of mindful parenting and difficulties in adopting these practices. Three themes regarding general parenting experiences emerged: parent and family problems, positive feelings towards the child and parenting approaches. Mindful parenting may have benefits for parents’ psychological health. Further research exploring the effectiveness of mindful parenting interventions is warranted.

vorige artikel Comparative Effects of Mindfulness and Skills-Based Parent Training Programs for Parents of Children with Autism: Feasibility and Preliminary Outcome Data

volgende artikel A Controlled Pilot Evaluation of Acceptance and Commitment Training for Intellectual Disability Staff

Abbeduto, L., Seltzer, M. M., Shattuck, P., Krauss, M. W., Orsmond, G., & Murphy, M. M. (2004). Psychological well-being and coping in mothers of youths with autism, Down syndrome, or fragile X syndrome. American Journal of Mental Retardation, 109, 237–254. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00907.x.PubMedCrossRef

Altmaier, E., & Maloney, R. (2007). An initial evaluation of a mindful parenting program. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63, 1231–1238. doi:10.1002/jclp.20395.PubMedCrossRef

Aman, M. G., Tassé, M. J., Rojahn, J., & Hammer, D. (1996). The Nisonger CBRF: A child behavior rating form for children with developmental disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 17, 41–57. doi:10.1016/0891-4222(95)00039-9.PubMedCrossRef

Baer, R. A. (2003). Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: A conceptual and empirical review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10, 125–143. doi:10.1093/clipsy/bpg015.CrossRef

Baker-Ericzén, M. J., Brookman-Frazee, L., & Stahmer, A. (2005). Stress levels and adaptability in parents of toddlers with and without autism spectrum disorders. Research & Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 30, 194–204. doi:10.2511/rpsd.30.4.194.CrossRef

Benson, P. R. (2006). The impact of child symptom severity on depressed mood among parents of children with ASD: The mediating role of stress proliferation. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36, 685–695. doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0112-3.PubMedCrossRef

Blacher, J., & McIntyre, L. L. (2006). Syndrome specificity and behavioural disorders in young adults with intellectual disability: Cultural differences in family impact. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 50, 184–198. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00768.x.PubMedCrossRef

Blackledge, J. T., & Hayes, S. C. (2006). Using acceptance and commitment training in the support of parents of children diagnosed with autism. Child and Family Behavior Therapy, 28, 1–18. doi:10.1300/J019v28n01_01.CrossRef

Bluth, K., & Wahler, R. G. (2011). Does effort matter in mindful parenting? Mindfulness, 2, 175–178. doi:10.1007/s12671-011-0056-3.CrossRef

Bögels, S. M., Lehtonen, A., & Restifo, K. (2010). Mindful parenting in mental health care. Mindfulness, 1, 107–120. doi:10.1007/s12671-010-0014-5.PubMedCrossRef

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 77–101. doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa.CrossRef

Brereton, A. V., Tonge, B. J., & Einfeld, S. L. (2006). Psychopathology in children and adolescents with autism compared to young people with intellectual disability. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36, 863–870. doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0125-y.PubMedCrossRef

Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 822–848. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822.PubMedCrossRef

Brown, K. W., Ryan, R. M., & Creswell, J. D. (2007). Mindfulness: Theoretical foundations and evidence for its salutary effects. Psychological Inquiry, 18, 211–237. doi:10.1080/10478400701598298.CrossRef

Carmody, J., & Baer, R. A. (2008). Relationships between mindfulness practice and levels of mindfulness, medical and psychological symptoms and well-being in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 31, 23–33. doi:10.1007/s10865-007-9130-7.PubMedCrossRef

Cassidy, A., McConkey, R., Truesdale-Kennedy, M., & Slevin, E. (2008). Preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders: The impact on families and the supports available to them. Early Child Development and Care, 178, 115–128. doi:10.1080/03004430701491721.CrossRef

Coatsworth, J. D., Duncan, L. G., Greenberg, M. T., & Nix, R. L. (2010). Changing parent’s mindfulness, child management skills and relationship quality with their youth: Results from a randomized pilot intervention trial. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 19, 203–217. doi:10.1007/s10826-009-9304-8.CrossRef

Davis, N. O., & Carter, A. S. (2008). Parenting stress in mothers and fathers of toddlers with autism spectrum disorders: Associations with child characteristics. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 1278–1291. doi:10.1007/s10803-007-0512-z.PubMedCrossRef

Dumas, J. E. (2005). Mindfulness-based parent training: Strategies to lessen the grip of automaticity in families with disruptive children. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 34, 779–791. doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3404_20.PubMed

Duncan, L.G. (2007). Assessment of mindful parenting among parents of early adolescents: Development and validation of the Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting scale. Unpublished PhD thesis. Pennsylvania State University, US.

Duncan, L. G., Coatsworth, J. D., & Greenberg, M. T. (2009). A model of mindful parenting: Implications for parent–child relationships and prevention research. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 12, 255–270. doi:10.1007/s10567-009-0046-3.PubMedCrossRef

Eisenhower, A. S., Baker, B. L., & Blacher, J. (2005). Preschool children with intellectual disability: Syndrome specificity, behaviour problems, and maternal well-being. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 49, 657–671. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00699.x.PubMedCrossRef

Estes, A., Munson, J., Dawson, G., Koehler, E., Zhou, X.-H., & Abbott, R. (2009). Parenting stress and psychological functioning among mothers of preschool children with autism and developmental delay. Autism, 13, 375–387. doi:10.1177/1362361309105658.PubMedCrossRef

Friedrich, W. N., Greenberg, M. T., & Crnic, K. (1983). A short-form of the questionnaire on resources and stress. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 88, 41–48.PubMed

Gilbert, P., & Procter, S. (2006). Compassionate mind training for people with high shame and self-criticism: Overview and pilot study of a group therapy approach. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 13, 353–379. doi:10.1002/cpp.507.CrossRef

Glidden, L. M., & Floyd, F. J. (1997). Disaggregating parental depression and family stress in assessing families of children with developmental disabilities: A multisample analysis. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 102, 250–266. doi:10.1352/0895-8017(1997) 102<0250:DPDAFS>2.0.CO;2.PubMedCrossRef

Gray, D. E., & Holden, W. J. (1992). Psycho-social well-being among the parents of children with autism. Australia and New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 18, 83–93. doi:10.1080/07263869200034841.CrossRef

Hamlyn-Wright, S., Draghi-Lorenz, R., & Ellis, J. (2007). Locus of control fails to mediate between stress and anxiety and depression in parents of children with a developmental disorder. Autism, 11, 489–501. doi:10.1177/1362361307083258.PubMedCrossRef

Hastings, R. P. (2003). Child behaviour problems and partner mental health as correlates of stress in mothers and fathers of children with autism. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 47, 231–237. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2788.2003.00485.x.PubMedCrossRef

Hastings, R. P., & Brown, T. (2002). Behavior problems of children with autism, parental self-efficacy and mental health. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 107, 223–232. doi:10.1352/0895-8017(2002) 107<0222:BPOCWA>2.0.CO;2.

Hastings, R. P., Kovshoff, H., Ward, N. J., degli Espinosa, F., Brown, T., & Remington, B. (2005). Systems analysis of stress and positive perceptions in mothers and fathers of pre-school children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35, 635–644. doi:10.1007/s10803-005-0007-8.PubMedCrossRef

Hofmann, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A. A., & Oh, D. (2010). The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78, 169–183. doi:10.1037/a0018555.PubMedCrossRef

Honey, E., Hastings, R. P., & McConachie, H. (2005). Use of the questionnaire on resources and stress (QRS-F) with parents of young children with autism. Autism, 9, 246–255. doi:10.1177/1362361305053256.PubMedCrossRef

Kabat-Zinn, M., & Zabat-Zinn, J. (1997). Everyday blessings: The inner work of mindful parenting. New York: Hyperion.

Lecavalier, L., Leone, S., & Wiltz, J. (2006). The impact of behaviour problems on caregiver stress in young people with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 50, 173–183. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00732.x.CrossRef

Lee, G. K., Lopata, C., Volker, M. A., Thomeer, M. L., Nida, R. E., Toomey, J. A., et al. (2009). Health-related quality of life of parents of children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 24, 227–239. doi:10.1177/1088357609347371.CrossRef

Lloyd, T., & Hastings, R. P. (2008). Psychological variables as correlates of adjustment in mothers of children with intellectual disabilities: Cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 52, 37–48. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2007.00974.x.PubMed

MacDonald, E. E., & Hastings, R. P. (2010). Mindful parenting and care involvement of fathers of children with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 19, 236–240. doi:10.1007/s10826-008-9243-9.CrossRef

MacDonald, E. E., Hastings, R. P., & Fitzsimons, E. (2010). Psychological acceptance mediates the impact of the behaviour problems of children with intellectual disability on fathers’ psychological adjustment. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 23, 27–37. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3148.2009.00546.x.CrossRef

Neff, K. (2003). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2, 85–101. doi:10.1080/15298860390129863.CrossRef

Neff, K. D., Kirkpatrick, K. L., & Rude, S. S. (2007). Self-compassion and adaptive psychological functioning. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 139–154. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2006.03.004.CrossRef

Olsson, M. B., & Hwang, C. P. (2001). Depression in mothers and fathers of children with intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 45, 535–543. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2788.2001.00372.x.PubMedCrossRef

Olsson, M. B., & Hwang, C. P. (2002). Sense of coherence in parents of children with different developmental disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 46, 548–559. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2788.2002.00414.x.PubMedCrossRef

Parent, J., Garai, E., Forehand, R., Roland, E., Potts, J., Haker, K., et al. (2010). Parent mindfulness and child outcome: The roles of parent depressive symptoms and parenting. Mindfulness, 1, 254–264. doi:10.1007/s12671-010-0034-1.CrossRef

Raes, F. (2011). The effect of self-compassion on the development of depression symptoms in a non-clinical sample. Mindfulness, 2, 33–36. doi:10.1007/s12671-011-0040-y.CrossRef

Singh, N. N., Lancioni, G. E., Winton, A. S. W., Fisher, B. C., Wahler, R. G., McAleavey, K., et al. (2006). Mindful parenting decreases aggression, noncompliance, and self-injury in children with autism. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 14, 169–177. doi:10.1177/10634266060140030401.CrossRef

Singh, N. N., Lancioni, G. E., Winton, A. S. W., Singh, J., Curtis, W. J., Wahler, R. G., et al. (2007). Mindful parenting decreases aggression and increases social behavior in children with developmental disabilities. Behavior Modification, 31, 749–771. doi:10.1177/0145445507300924.PubMedCrossRef

Singh, N. N., Singh, A. N., Lancioni, G. E., Singh, J., Winton, A. S. W., & Adkins, A. D. (2010). Mindfulness training for parents and their children with ADHD increases the children’s compliance. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 19, 157–166. doi:10.1007/s10826-009-9272-z.CrossRef

Tassé, M. J., Aman, M. G., Hammer, D., & Rojahn, J. (1996). The Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form: Age and gender effects and norms. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 17, 59–75. doi:10.1016/0891-4222(95)00037-2.PubMedCrossRef

Tomanik, S., Harris, G. E., & Hawkins, J. (2004). The relationship between behaviours exhibited by children with autism and maternal stress. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 29, 16–26. doi:10.1080/13668250410001662892.CrossRef

Wahler, R. G., & Dumas, J. E. (1989). Attentional problems in dysfunctional mother–child interactions: An interbehavioral model. Psychological Bulletin, 105, 116–130. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.105.1.116.PubMedCrossRef

Weiss, J. A., Cappadocia, C., MacMullin, J. A., Viecili, M., & Lunsky, Y. (2012). The impact of child problem behaviours of children with ASD on parent mental health: The mediating role of acceptance and empowerment. Autism, 16, 261–274. doi:10.1177/1362361311422708.PubMedCrossRef

Weiss, M. J. (2002). Hardiness and social support as predictors of stress in mothers of typical children, children with autism, and children with mental retardation. Autism, 6, 115–130. doi:10.1177/1362361302006001009.PubMedCrossRef

Wolf, L. C., Noh, S., Fisman, S. N., & Speechley, M. (1989). Brief report: Psychological effects of parenting stress on parents of autistic children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 19, 157–166. doi:10.1007/BF02212727.PubMedCrossRef

Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67, 361–70. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x.PubMedCrossRef

Titel: The Relationship Between Mindful Parenting and Distress in Parents of Children with an Autism Spectrum Disorder
Auteurs: Michelle Beer
Lynn Ward
Kathryn Moar
Publicatiedatum: 01-06-2013
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness / Uitgave 2/2013
Print ISSN: 1868-8527
Elektronisch ISSN: 1868-8535
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-012-0192-4

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 2/2013

A Mindfulness-Based Smoking Cessation Program for Individuals with Mild Intellectual Disability

Mindfulness-Based Treatment of Aggression in Individuals with Mild Intellectual Disabilities: A Waiting List Control Study

The Use of Mindfulness with People with Intellectual Disabilities: a Systematic Review and Narrative Analysis

Mindfully Valuing People Now: An Evaluation of Introduction to Mindfulness Workshops for People with Intellectual Disabilities

Evaluation of an Occupational Mindfulness Program for Staff Employed in the Disability Sector in Australia

Comparative Effects of Mindfulness and Skills-Based Parent Training Programs for Parents of Children with Autism: Feasibility and Preliminary Outcome Data