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Akzelerometrie zur Erfassung körperlicher Aktivität

Empfehlungen zur Methodik

Accelerometry for measuring physical activity

Recommendations on methods

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Zusammenfassung

Die Akzelerometrie ist als objektives Messverfahren zur Erfassung körperlicher Aktivität im Feld mit guten psychometrischen Eigenschaften und Anwendbarkeit auch bei großen Stichproben international etabliert. Akzelerometer zeichnen Intensität und Dauer ein- oder mehraxialer Beschleunigungen auf. Umfänge leichter, moderater und intensiver körperlicher Aktivitäten sowie Zeiten der Inaktivität können mit Hilfe von Cut-point-Modellen abgegrenzt, sowie der Energieumsatz auf Basis von Regressionsmodellen geschätzt werden. Allerdings bleibt die Vergleichbarkeit von Ergebnissen aufgrund unterschiedlicher Modelle, Trageprotokolle, Kalibrationsverfahren und Ergebnisdarstellungen schwierig. Die vorliegenden Empfehlungen, Perspektiven und Limitationen der Messmethodik wurden unter Beteiligung aller Autoren erarbeitet und im Konsens verabschiedet.

Aktuell kann kein Gerätemodell pauschal empfohlen werden, da die Wahl des Gerätes von Forschungsfrage, -design und Zielgruppe abhängt. Für ein möglichst objektives Abbild des habituellen Bewegungsverhaltens werden ein Messzeitraum von mindestens 7 Tagen inklusive einem Wochenendtag und eine Tragedauer von mindestens 10 h pro Tag bei Erwachsenen empfohlen. Zur Vermeidung von Verzerrungen aufgrund aggregierter Daten sollten möglichst kurze Epochenlängen gewählt bzw. nicht vorprozessierte Rohwerte gespeichert werden. Für Erwachsene gilt das Cut-point-Modell von Freedson et al. (1998) zur Bestimmung unterschiedlicher Aktivitätskategorien als etabliert. Methodische Limitationen bestehen insbesondere bei der Erfassung von Aktivitäten mit geringer oder sehr hoher Beschleunigung des observierten Körpersegments, wie Fahrradfahren oder Krafttraining, und bei der Berechnung des Energieumsatzes auf Basis linearer Regressionsmodelle.

Abstract

Accelerometry is an internationally well-established procedure for the objective measurement of habitual physical activity in large samples under free-living conditions and shows good psychometric properties. Accelerometers register the intensity and duration of single or multiaxial body acceleration. The duration of light, moderate and vigorous physical activity as well as sedentary time is calculated based on cutpoint models and energy expenditure is estimated by linear regression models. Nevertheless, the comparability of results between studies remains limited due to the use of different devices, protocols, calibration procedures and presentation of results. The recommendations, perspectives and limitations of accelerometer use described here have been collated and agreed by all members of the consensus group.

Currently, there is no evidence for recommending a specific accelerometer model as model selection depends on the study question, target groups and study design. To obtain objective information on habitual physical activity behavior, a minimum wear time of 7 consecutive days with a minimum of 10 h/day including one weekend day is recommended. To avoid bias the selected epoch length should be as short as possible or raw data should be recorded. For adults, the cutpoint model of Freedson et al. (1998) for estimating different activity categories is well accepted. Methodological limitations include the recognition of activities with limited body acceleration, such as bicycling or weight training and the estimation of energy expenditure using only linear regression models.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Abteilung 2– Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Dr. B . Kurth, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland

    Lars Gabrys

  2. Studienbereich Physiotherapie, Hochschule für Gesundheit Bochum, Prof. C. Grüneberg, Bochum, Deutschland

    Christian Thiel

  3. Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Arbeitsbereich Bewegung und Gesundheit, Prof. K. Pfeifer, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Deutschland

    Alexander Tallner

  4. Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Exercise Physiology Lab, Prof. C. M. Spengler, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Schweiz

    Britta Wilms

  5. Institut für Experimentelle Muskuloskelettale Medizin (IEMM), Funktionsbereich Bewegungsanalytik, Prof. D. Rosenbaum, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Deutschland

    Carsten Müller

  6. Institut für Sport- und Bewegungswissenschaft, Lehrstuhl Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften, Prof. W. Schlicht, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Deutschland

    Daniela Kahlert

  7. Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Prof. A. Arampatzis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland

    Darko Jekauc

  8. Institut für Bewegungstherapie und bewegungsorientierte Prävention und Rehabilitation, Prof. I. Froböse, Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln, Köln, Deutschland

    Fabienne Frick

  9. Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Deutschland

    Holger Schulz

  10. Abteilung Epidemiologische Methoden und Ursachenforschung, Prof. W. Ahrens, Leibniz-Institut für Präventionsforschung und Epidemiologie – BIPS GmbH, Bremen, Deutschland

    Ole Sprengeler

  11. Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Technik der Informationsverarbeitung, Prof. W. Stork, Karlsruhe, Deutschland

    Stefan Hey

  12. Sektion Sport- und Rehabilitationsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Prof. J. Steinacker, Ulm, Deutschland

    Susanne Kobel

  13. Abteilung Sportmedizin, Prof. W. Banzer, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Deutschland

    Lutz Vogt

Authors
  1. Lars Gabrys
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  2. Christian Thiel
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  3. Alexander Tallner
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  4. Britta Wilms
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  5. Carsten Müller
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  6. Daniela Kahlert
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  7. Darko Jekauc
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  8. Fabienne Frick
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  9. Holger Schulz
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  10. Ole Sprengeler
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  11. Stefan Hey
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  12. Susanne Kobel
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  13. Lutz Vogt
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lars Gabrys.

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Interessenkonflikt

L. Gabrys, C. Thiel, A. Tallner, B. Wilms, C. Müller, D. Kahlert, D. Jekauc, F. Frick, H. Schulz, O. Sprengler, S. Hey, S. Kobel und L. Vogt geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

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Gabrys, L., Thiel, C., Tallner, A. et al. Akzelerometrie zur Erfassung körperlicher Aktivität. Sportwiss 45, 1–9 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-014-0349-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-014-0349-5

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