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The Sydney Heart Bank: improving translational research while eliminating or reducing the use of animal models of human heart disease

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A Correction to this article was published on 01 February 2018

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Abstract

The Sydney Heart Bank (SHB) is one of the largest human heart tissue banks in existence. Its mission is to provide high-quality human heart tissue for research into the molecular basis of human heart failure by working collaboratively with experts in this field. We argue that, by comparing tissues from failing human hearts with age-matched non-failing healthy donor hearts, the results will be more relevant than research using animal models, particularly if their physiology is very different from humans. Tissue from heart surgery must generally be used soon after collection or it significantly deteriorates. Freezing is an option but it raises concerns that freezing causes substantial damage at the cellular and molecular level. The SHB contains failing samples from heart transplant patients and others who provided informed consent for the use of their tissue for research. All samples are cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen within 40 min of their removal from the patient, and in less than 5–10 min in the case of coronary arteries and left ventricle samples. To date, the SHB has collected tissue from about 450 failing hearts (>15,000 samples) from patients with a wide range of etiologies as well as increasing numbers of cardiomyectomy samples from patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The Bank also has hearts from over 120 healthy organ donors whose hearts, for a variety of reasons (mainly tissue-type incompatibility with waiting heart transplant recipients), could not be used for transplantation. Donor hearts were collected by the St Vincent’s Hospital Heart and Lung transplantation team from local hospitals or within a 4-h jet flight from Sydney. They were flushed with chilled cardioplegic solution and transported to Sydney where they were quickly cryopreserved in small samples. Failing and/or donor samples have been used by more than 60 research teams around the world, and have resulted in more than 100 research papers. The tissues most commonly requested are from donor left ventricles, but right ventricles, atria, interventricular system, and coronary arteries vessels have also been reported. All tissues are stored for long-term use in liquid N or vapor (170–180 °C), and are shipped under nitrogen vapor to avoid degradation of sensitive molecules such as RNAs and giant proteins. We present evidence that the availability of these human heart samples has contributed to a reduction in the use of animal models of human heart failure.

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Change history

  • 01 February 2018

    In the original version of this article, the name of one of the authors is not correct. The correct name should be W. A. Linke, which is shown correctly in the authorgroup section above.

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Acknowledgements

Sean Lal, Amy Li and Cris dos Remedios acknowledge the important contributions of present and former members of the Muscle Research Unit and Heart Research laboratories for their contributions to the collection, documentation and cataloging of human heart samples and data with the collaboration of the surgeons and cardiologists of St Vincent’s Hospital in Sydney over the past 29 years. We particularly acknowledge the contribution of Mr Darryl Cameron in producing the human tissue microarrays. We also acknowledge the grant support provided by Medical Advances Without Animals (MAWA).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sydney Heart Bank, Discipline of Anatomy & Histology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

    C. G. dos Remedios, S. P. Lal, A. Li & J. McNamara

  2. Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA

    A. Li

  3. Heart Transplant Unit, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia

    A. Keogh & P. S. Macdonald

  4. Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, California, USA

    R. Cooke

  5. Cardiovascular Division, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, London, UK

    E. Ehler

  6. Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden

    R. Knöll

  7. National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK

    S. B. Marston

  8. Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA

    J. Stelzer

  9. Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA

    H. Granzier

  10. Department of Experimental Cardiology, Heart Failure Research Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    C. Bezzina

  11. Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    S. van Dijk, F. De Man, G. J. M. Stienen & J. van der Velden

  12. Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

    J. Odeberg

  13. Science for Life Laboratory, KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden

    F. Pontén

  14. Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany

    W. Linke

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  1. C. G. dos Remedios
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to C. G. dos Remedios.

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Conflicts of interest

CG dos Remedios declares that he has no conflicts of interest. SP Lal declares that he has no conflicts of interest. J McNamara declares that he has no conflicts of interest. A Keogh declares that she has no conflicts of interest. PS Macdonald declares that he has no conflicts of interest. R Cooke declares that he has no conflicts of interest. E Ehler declares that she has no conflicts of interest. R Knöll declares that he has no conflicts of interest. SB Marston declares that he has no conflicts of interest. J Stelzer declares that he has no conflicts of interest. H Granzier declares that he has no conflicts of interest. C Bezzina declares that she has no conflicts of interest. S van Dijk declares that she has no conflicts of interest. F De Man declares that she has no conflicts of interest. GJM Stienen declares that he has no conflicts of interest. J Odeberg declares that he has no conflicts of interest. F Pontén declares that he has no conflicts of interest. W Linke declares that he has no conflicts of interest. J van der Velden declares that she has no conflicts of interest.

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This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Additional information

This article is part of a Special Issue on ‘IUPAB Edinburgh Congress’ edited by Damien Hall.

A correction to this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s12551-018-0397-4.

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dos Remedios, C.G., Lal, S.P., Li, A. et al. The Sydney Heart Bank: improving translational research while eliminating or reducing the use of animal models of human heart disease. Biophys Rev 9, 431–441 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12551-017-0305-3

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