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Patients with chest pain, who are referred for computed tomography angiography, with a history of malignancy show higher rates of mortality.
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Patients with a history of malignancy have no difference in coronary artery disease on computed tomography angiogram compared with patients with no history of malignancy.
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History of malignancy correlates with higher coronary artery calcium percentiles and more malignant incidental findings on computed tomography angiogram.
Background
Methods
Study design and population
Study endpoints and definitions
Statistical analyses
Results
Study population
History of malignancy n = 133 | No history of malignancy n = 1,759 | P value | |
---|---|---|---|
Female gender, n (%) | 71 (53.4) | 913 (51.9) | 0.74 |
Median age in years [IQR] | 61.0 [53–69] | 55.0 [48–62] | <0.001 |
Lung diseases, n (%) | |||
COPD/asthma | 21 (15.8) | 177 (10.1) | 0.037 |
Cardiovascular risk factors, n (%) | |||
Hypertension | 60 (45.1) | 795 (45.2) | 0.99 |
Hypercholesterolaemia | 50 (37.6) | 714 (40.7) | 0.48 |
History of cardiac disease | 16 (12.0) | 173 (9.8) | 0.42 |
History of invasive cardiac intervention | 9 (6.8) | 94 (5.3) | 0.49 |
Creatinine >120 µmol/l | 10 (5.5) | 82 (3.7) | 0.22 |
BMI >25 | 90 (68.7) | 1,135 (67.6) | 0.80 |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 0.70 | ||
NIDDM | 16 (12) | 174 (9.9) | |
Insulin | 7 (5.3) | 108 (6.2) | |
Ever smoker, n (%) | 45 (33.8) | 503 (28.6) | 0.20 |
Medication, % | |||
ARB | 9.5 | 13.6 | 0.17 |
ACE inhibitor | 19.7 | 15.6 | 0.2 |
ASA | 35 | 33.5 | 0.72 |
Antiplatelet drug | 14.6 | 9.1 | 0.034 |
Beta blocker | 37.2 | 35.6 | 0.70 |
Calcium antagonist | 15.3 | 14.2 | 0.71 |
Diuretic | 16.8 | 18 | 0.71 |
MRA | 0 | 0.3 | 0.53 |
Statin/cholesterol-lowering medication | 46 | 47.5 | 0.73 |
Primary outcome
Univariable | Multivariable | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR | 95% CI | P value | HR | 95% CI | P value | |
Age | 1.08 | 1.07–1.10 | <0.001 | 1.09 | 1.07–1.11 | <0.001 |
Male gender | 1.67 | 1.19–2.33 | 0.003 | 1.70 | 1.18–2.47 | 0.004 |
COPD or asthma | 1.95 | 1.27–3.00 | 0.002 | 1.62 | 1.02–2.58 | 0.043 |
History of cardiac disease | 2.06 | 1.31–3.26 | 0.002 | 1.62 | 0.82–3.20 | 0.17 |
History of invasive cardiac intervention | 1.98 | 1.09–3.57 | 0.024 | 0.93 | 0.37–2.35 | 0.87 |
Diabetes | 1.26 | 1.06–1.51 | 0.010 | 1.27 | 1.05–1.54 | 0.016 |
Smoking | 1.54 | 1.10–2.15 | 0.013 | 1.79 | 1.27–1.23 | 0.002 |
LVF | 2.12 | 1.04–4.33 | 0.038 | 1.17 | 0.49–2.77 | 0.73 |
CAC percentile | 1.01 | 1.01–1.02 | <0.001 | 1.01 | 1.00–1.01 | 0.015 |
History of malignancy | 4.27 | 2.80–6.50 | <0.001 | 2.48 | 1.58–3.90 | <0.001 |
Secondary outcomes
Coronary artery disease on CTA and coronary artery calcium percentiles
History of malignancy n = 133 | No history of malignancy n = 1,759 | P value | |
---|---|---|---|
CAD, n (%) | 37 (27.8) | 540 (30.7) | 0.49 |
LM >50% stenosis, n (%) | 1 (0.8) | 13 (0.7) | 1.00 |
LAD >50% stenosis, n (%) | 20 (15.0) | 317 (18.0) | 0.39 |
LCX >50% stenosis, n (%) | 10 (7.5) | 83 (4.7) | 0.15 |
RCA >50% stenosis, n (%) | 19 (14.3) | 193 (11.0) | 0.24 |
RCX >50% stenosis, n (%) | 7 (5.3) | 41 (2.3) | 0.076 |
Bypass graft >50% stenosis, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) | 1.00 |
Triple-vessel disease, n (%) | 1 (0.8) | 15 (0.9) | 1.00 |
CAC percentilea, median [IQR] | 52 [00–88] | 35 [00–82] | 0.037 |
CAC scoreb, median [IQR] | 18.8 [00–241.3] | 2.7 [00–98] | 0.003 |
Accidental findings, n (%) | 34 (25.6) | 380 (21.6) | |
Aortic aneurysm, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 30 (1.7) | 0.27 |
Abnormal lymph nodes, n (%) | 1 (0.8) | 17 (1.0) | 1.00 |
Diaphragmatic hernia, n (%) | 1 (0.8) | 31 (1.8) | 0.72 |
Heart defects, n (%) | 5 (3.8) | 43 (2.4) | 0.38 |
Liver nodule/cyst, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 27 (1.5) | 0.25 |
Lung nodule, n (%) | 5 (3.8) | 89 (5.1) | 0.51 |
Skeletal abnormalities, n (%) | 1 (0.8) | 38 (2.2) | 0.52 |
Other lung disorders, n (%) | 5 (3.8) | 60 (3.4) | 0.80 |
Other, n (%) | 7 (5.3) | 36 (2.0) | 0.016 |
Suspected malignancy, n (%) | 5 (3.8) | 8 (0.5) | 0.001 |
Malignancy, n (%) | 4 (3.0) | 1 (0.1) | <0.001 |