Introduction
Methods
Study population
Baseline characteristics
Electrophysiological study and ablation strategy
Follow-up of patient
Outcomes
Statistics
Results
2005
n = 64 | 2006
n = 51 | 2007
n = 96 | 2008
n = 89 | 2009
n = 98 | 2010
n = 105 | 2011
n = 118 | 2012
n = 115 | 2013
n = 133 | 2014
n = 106 |
p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male sex | 79.9 | 74.5 | 76.0 | 80.9 | 72.4 | 74.3 | 74.6 | 75.7 | 76.6 | 72.4 | 0.951 |
Age, y | 54 ± 9 | 55 ± 9 | 57 ± 9 | 58 ± 10 | 58 ± 10 | 57 ± 11 | 59 ± 10 | 60 ± 10 | 58 ± 10 | 61 ± 10 | 0.001
|
AF type
|
<0.001
| ||||||||||
Paroxysmal | 73.4 | 62.7 | 70.8 | 43.8 | 56.1 | 64.8 | 58.8 | 54.8 | 60.2 | 45.3 |
–
|
Persistent | 21.9 | 25.5 | 17.7 | 37.1 | 30.6 | 21 | 29.7 | 39.1 | 35.3 | 52.8 |
–
|
LS persistent | 4.7 | 11.8 | 11.5 | 19.1 | 13.3 | 14.3 | 11.9 | 6.1 | 4.5 | 1.9 |
–
|
History of AF, y | 7 (4–12) | 5 (2–9) | 5 (3–8) | 5(2–11) | 5 (3–9) | 5 (2–10) | 5 (2–10) | 3 (1–7) | 4 (2–9) | 4 (2–8) |
<0.001
|
BMI, kg/m2
| 26 (23–28) | 26 (23–29) | 26 (25–29) | 26 (25–29) | 26 (24–30) | 26 (24–29) | 26 (24–29) | 27 (25–30) | 26 (24–30) | 27 (24–30) | 0.599 |
CHA2DS2-VASc ≥2 | 18.0 | 24.5 | 32.3 | 33.7 | 32.3 | 36.9 | 37.3 | 46.1 | 32.3 | 40.6 | 0.023
|
Hypertension | 31.3 | 19.6 | 30.2 | 32.6 | 36.7 | 37.1 | 33.9 | 42.6 | 43.6 | 40.6 | 0.077 |
DM | 0 | 9.8 | 4.2 | 7.9 | 6.1 | 5.7 | 5.9 | 13.9 | 6.0 | 10.4 | 0.043
|
Atrial flutter | 28.1 | 23.5 | 35.4 | 31.5 | 25.5 | 25.7 | 25.4 | 31.3 | 21.8 | 30.2 | 0.476 |
CHF | 1.6 | 0 | 1.0 | 6.7 | 9.2 | 7.6 | 6.8 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 3.8 | 0.024
|
Lone AF | 26.6 | 23.5 | 21.9 | 24.7 | 18.4 | 24.8 | 28.0 | 23.5 | 18.0 | 13.2 | 0.193 |
SHD | 6.3 | 11.8 | 13.2 | 20.3 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 17.8 | 17.4 | 12.0 | 18.9 | 0.545 |
LA size, mm | 42 ± 6 | 43 ± 6 | 44 ± 6 | 44 ± 7 | 43 ± 6 | 43 ± 6 | 42 ± 7 | 42 ± 8 | 43 ± 8 | 42 ± 7 | 0.257 |
Patient characteristics
Procedural characteristics and outcomes
2005
n = 64 | 2006
n = 51 | 2007
n = 96 | 2008
n = 89 | 2009
n = 98 | 2010
n = 105 | 2011
n = 118 | 2012
n = 115 | 2013
n = 133 | 2014
n = 106 |
p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Procedure duration, min | 237 ± 53 | 277 ± 80 | 271 ± 62 | 262 ± 64 | 271 ± 71 | 244 ± 58 | 212 ± 48 | 221 ± 51 | 188 ± 47 | 163 ± 41 |
<0.001
|
Fluoroscopy time, min | 41 ± 17 | 35 ± 13 | 43 ± 15 | 40 ± 16 | 49 ± 19 | 35 ± 15 | 26 ± 13 | 27 ± 12 | 25 ± 10 | 19 ± 8 |
<0.001
|
Total radiation exposure, mGy | 465 (263–687) | 381 (249–858) | 392 (260–694) | 520 (231–759) | 549 (304–1039) | 369 (221–712) | 225 (102–424) | 246 (146–492) | 234 (132–450) | 210 (118–376) |
<0.001
|
1 year success | |||||||||||
PAF | 59.6 | 65.6 | 57.4 | 64.1 | 56.4 | 69.7 | 61.8 | 60.7 | 65.8 | 60.4 | 0.916 |
Non-PAF | 43.8 | 47.4 | 42.9 | 44.0 | 39.5 | 52.8 | 27.1 | 61.5 | 66.7 | 50.0 | 0.010
|
Redo <1 year | 7.8 | 13.7 | 14.6 | 18.0 | 11.2 | 15.2 | 23.7 | 14.8 | 16.5 | 18.9 | 0.240 |
Redo <2 years | 28.6 | 20.4 | 35.8 | 36.0 | 29.6 | 23.8 | 35.3 | 27.2 | 23.3 | 37.7 | 0.091 |
PV reconnection | 94.4 | 80.0 | 100 | 87.5 | 96.6 | 84.0 | 85.4 | 90.3 | 93.5 | 87.2 | 0.357 |
Complications
2005
n = 64 | 2006
n = 51 | 2007
n = 96 | 2008
n = 89 | 2009
n = 98 | 2010
n = 105 | 2011
n = 118 | 2012 n = 115 | 2013 n = 133 | 2014 n = 106 |
p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 25.0 | 13.7 | 9.4 | 11.2 | 7.1 | 6.7 | 11.0 | 7.0 | 1.5 | 8.5 |
<0.001
|
Vascular | 7.8 | 7.8 | 5.2 | 9.0 | 1.0 | 1.9 | 0.8 | 1.7 | 0 | 2.8 | 0.001
|
Tamponade | 0 | 0 | 1.0 | 0 | 3.1 | 1.9 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 | 1.9 | 0.255 |
CVA/TIA | 0 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.049
|
PV stenosis | |||||||||||
Moderate | 15.6 | 3.9 | 1.0 | 2.2 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 5.9 | 3.4 | 0.8 | 2.9 |
<0.001
|
Severe | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.4 | 1.7 | 0 | 0 | 0.008
|
Mortality | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.507 |
Other | 1.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.574 |